{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:31:09Z","timestamp":1787311869041,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test whether smartphone\u2010captured high\u2010resolution 3D facial geometry can objectively quantify the severity of facial nerve palsy (FNP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 99 patients with peripheral acute unilateral FNP (207 visits) and 12 healthy volunteers (July 2021\u2013February 2024). The facial dynamics were captured using a smartphone with a 3D front\u2010facing camera, yielding a facial mesh comprising 1220 vertices. Recordings were obtained for multiple facial tasks. Clinical benchmarks included the House\u2013Brackmann (HB) grading and electrophysiology. Features of displacement, velocity, acceleration, and asymmetry were extracted. Random forest regressors were trained for signed continuous HB (side\u2010aware) score prediction and for region\u2010specific prediction. Patient\u2010wise cross\u2010validation was used. Regressor performance was evaluated using Spearman's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , mean absolute error,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and area under the curve for HB\u2009\u2265\u2009III.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The continuous HB regression model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.718, an\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      of 0.851, and a Spearman's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      of 0.935. Predictions for healthy controls were tightly clustered. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for screening for HB\u2009\u2265\u2009III was 0.914\u2009\u00b1\u20090.052. Region\u2010specific analyses showed the best performance for eyelid closure and teeth exposure. Regression using integrated electromyography demonstrated moderate correlations, while electroneurography showed weak correlations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smartphone\u2010captured high\u2010frame\u2010rate 3D facial geometry enabled accurate side\u2010aware continuous HB estimation and robust screening for clinically significant palsy. This method can detect subtle residual asymmetry beyond human grading, is robust for healthy controls, and may facilitate early detection, standardized monitoring, and at\u2010home rehabilitation of FNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:45:26Z","timestamp":1787309126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic and Objective Quantification of Facial Nerve Palsy Using Smartphone\u2010Based\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Facial Geometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2555-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koki","family":"Hasebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6024-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Tenri Hospital  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuya","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Tenri Hospital  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryohei","family":"Yuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Okanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Tenri Hospital  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harukazu","family":"Hiraumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Tenri Hospital  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusuke","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3404-5461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Innovative Treatment, Graduate School of Medicine 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