{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1790053494362,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001126","name":"Geisinger Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine if there is an association between season and epistaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of the season in which patients aged 1\u2010 to 17\u2009years old were referred to otolaryngology for epistaxis within a single health system located in mid\u2010atlantic region from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2020. Exclusion criteria were diagnosis of nasal trauma within 1\u2009month of referral, bleeding disorder, or use of anticoagulation medication. The distribution of patients referred with epistaxis among the four seasons was compared with all pediatric otolaryngology referrals using chi\u2010squared analysis with adjusted residual testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      31,866 pediatric patients were referred to otolaryngology over the study period. The distribution of total pediatric otolaryngology referrals that were for epistaxis was: 557 referrals in fall, 568 in winter, 669 in spring, and 534 in summer. Chi\u2010squared with 3\u2009df was 16.4 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). There was no significant difference between the proportions of total referrals that were for epistaxis when comparing by season. Treatment modalities were analyzed across seasons among the 912 patients who went to their referred visit; no significant difference was found when looking at cautery, nasal mucosal hydration, both modalities, or neither across seasons. Analysis of follow\u2010up visits revealed no significant difference between seasons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epistaxis referrals, observed visits, follow\u2010up visits, nasal cautery, and nasal mucosal hydration were not significantly different in winter compared with other seasons. We present data incongruent with conventional teaching that epistaxis is most common in dry, winter weather. These results suggest modifying patient counseling on epistaxis treatment year\u2010round.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3, case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:25:40Z","timestamp":1790051140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determining the Effect of Seasonality on Pediatric Epistaxis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3760-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine  Scranton Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Kloecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine  Scranton Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Senter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Geisinger Health System  Danville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Lesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Geisinger Health System  Danville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center  Wilkes\u2010Barre Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aileen","family":"Wertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Geisinger Health System  Danville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1191673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1916\u20100216\u201043\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102273.1990.tb00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.966461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2025.112427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215054798032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613231207291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Microsoft 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https:\/\/aafa.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/aafa\u20102020\u2010allergy\u2010capitals\u2010report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America \u201cThe Most Challenging Places to Live With Allergies \u201d2022 https:\/\/www.aafa.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/aafa\u20102022\u2010allergy\u2010capitals\u2010report.pdf."}],"container-title":["The 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