{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:06:10Z","timestamp":1789563970226,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of post\u2010tonsillectomy hemorrhage and identify associated risk factors in a Lebanese tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients who underwent tonsillectomy between January 2015 and December 2024 were included. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Post\u2010tonsillectomy hemorrhage was defined as clinically documented postoperative bleeding requiring medical evaluation and classified as primary (&lt;\u200924\u2009h) or secondary (\u2265\u200924\u2009h). Associations between patient\u2010 and surgery\u2010related factors and post\u2010tonsillectomy hemorrhage were assessed using bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 945 patients were included (mean age 8.7\u2009years; 85.7% pediatric). Post\u2010tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in 25 patients, yielding an overall prevalence of 2.65% (95% CI, 1.7\u20133.9). Most hemorrhages were secondary (92%), typically occurring around postoperative day 7. Adults had a significantly higher bleeding rate than pediatric patients (7.4% vs. 1.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Adult age was the only independent predictor of post\u2010tonsillectomy hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 2.93, 95% CI 1.17\u20137.36). No independent associations were observed with sex, operative time, operating surgeon, concurrent procedures, histopathological findings, or routine preoperative laboratory values. Five patients (20%) required blood transfusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010tonsillectomy hemorrhage is uncommon but clinically relevant in this Lebanese cohort, with secondary hemorrhage predominating. Adult age is the primary independent risk factor, supporting the need for enhanced counseling and postoperative surveillance in adult tonsillectomy patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:25:39Z","timestamp":1789561539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post\u2010Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage in\n                    <scp>L<\/scp>\n                    ebanon: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Marwan","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center  Saida Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Oustah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Kaddah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3363-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doha","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3327-3383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maram","family":"AbdulFattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Merheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7544-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeeb","family":"Al Mallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center  Saida Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3953-3238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahaa","family":"Bou Dargham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University  Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center  Saida 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\u201cNational Prospective Tonsillectomy Audit Final Report \u201dRoyal College of Surgeons accessed July 7 2026 https:\/\/www.rcseng.ac.uk\/library\u2010and\u2010publications\/rcs\u2010publications\/docs\/tonsillectomy\u2010audit\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165\u20105876(96)01364\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818807917"}],"container-title":["The 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