{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:57:12Z","timestamp":1791248232484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020418","name":"Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016206","name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of interposition graft lengths on the efficacy of laryngeal reinnervation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In an in\u00a0vivo rabbit model, unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) resection was performed followed by immediate re\u2010anastomosis using interposition graft lengths of 0, 2, 4, and 6\u2009cm (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092 animals per length). After 4\u2009months, thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles and RLNs were harvested and analyzed. Muscle fiber area was assessed using hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining. Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were identified by immunohistochemistry for post\u2010synaptic acetylcholine receptors and categorized morphologically as pretzel shape (normally innervated), fragmented (partially innervated), or plaque\u2010like (degenerated). Axons within RLN segments were visualized using FluoroMyelin lipid\u2010fluorescent staining.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle fiber area tended to be decreased on the experimental side but did not differ significantly across graft lengths. Normal contralateral muscles showed 100% pretzel morphology. NMJ morphology progressively worsened with increasing graft length: 0\u2009cm grafts (62% pretzel; 38% fragmented; 0% plaque), 2\u2009cm (23%; 69%; 8%), 4\u2009cm (15%; 54%; 31%), and 6\u2009cm (18%; 36%; 46%). Axon count in the distal RLN segment as a percentage of axons in the proximal RLN segment similarly declined with graft length: 0\u2009cm grafts (mean 136%), 2\u2009cm (51%), 4\u2009cm (19%), and 6\u2009cm (17%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longer interposition grafts were associated with reduced axonal counts and increasingly abnormal NMJ morphology. These findings suggest longer interposition graft lengths may reduce laryngeal reinnervation outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>n\/a.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:40:41Z","timestamp":1791247241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Interposition Nerve Graft Length on Outcomes of Laryngeal Reinnervation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranati","family":"Pillutla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Los Angeles California 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