{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:45:58Z","timestamp":1792125958001,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n There is a spectrum of clinical presentations after facial nerve injury, from complete facial paralysis (CFP) to facial synkinesis (FS).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To measure and compare how laypersons perceive faces with CFP versus FS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Lay observers were presented with standardized videos of 24 individuals' faces: 8 with CFP, 8 with FS, and 8 nonparalyzed Controls performing common facial expressions. Observers were given a questionnaire and asked to rate the faces on varying subjective measurements of facial perception.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Five hundred and fifty\u2010seven observers completed the survey. Observers viewed Control faces most favorably with higher perceived attractiveness and quality of life than CFP (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) and FS (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) faces. FS faces were rated more favorably than CFP faces (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n There are measurable differences in how casual observers perceive faces with different subtypes of facial paralysis. Compared to nonparalyzed faces, both FS and CFP were viewed more negatively; however, CFP was perceived more negatively compared to FS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:06:28Z","timestamp":1792123588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing Casual Observer Perception of Facial Paralysis Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Randall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4479-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Forrest W.","family":"Fearington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1378-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazaro R.","family":"Peraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob K.","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery May Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.0371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26893614251363957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.0483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2024.0324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194\u201059989670206\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010025\u201002618\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.2402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.0947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2015.2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5495"}],"container-title":["The 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