{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:31:39Z","timestamp":1783045899842,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sino-German (CSC-DAAD) Postdoc Scholarship Program"},{"name":"Key Project from the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China","award":["2017YFC0505100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0505100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Land Degrad Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Agroforestry (AF) has the potential to restore degraded lands, provide a broader range of ecosystem goods and services such as carbon (C) sequestration and high biodiversity, and increase soil fertility and ecosystem stability through additional C input from trees, erosion prevention, and microclimate improvement. Advantages and processes for global C sequestration in AF are unknown. We used a meta\u2010analysis of 427 soil C stock data pairs grouped into four main AF systems\u2014alley cropping, windbreaks, silvopastures, and homegardens\u2014and evaluated changes in AF and adjacent control cropland or pasture. Mean soil C stocks in AF (1\u2010m depth) were 126\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00b7ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, which is 19% more than that in cropland or pasture. The highest C stocks in soil were in subtropical homegardens, AF with younger trees, and topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm). Increased soil C stocks in AF were lower than aboveground C stocks in most AF systems, except alley cropping. Homegardens stored the highest C in both aboveground and belowground, especially in the subsoil (20\u2013100\u00a0cm). Advantages of AF ecosystem services focusing on mechanisms of belowground C sequestration were analyzed. AF could store 5.3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u00a0Mg additional C in soil on 944\u00a0Mha globally, with most in the tropics and subtropics. AF systems could greatly contribute to global soil C sequestration if used in larger areas. Future investigations of AF should include (a) mechanistic\u2010 and process\u2010based studies (instead of common monitoring and inventories), (b) models linking forest and crop growth with soil water and C and nutrient cycling, and (c) accurate assessments of the AF area worldwide based on the remote sensing approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,18]],"date-time":"2018-08-18T06:23:43Z","timestamp":1534573423000},"page":"3886-3897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Agroforestry systems: Meta\u2010analysis of soil carbon stocks, sequestration processes, and future potentials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingling","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming 650201 Yunnan PR China"},{"name":"East and Central Asia World Agroforestry Centre  Kunming 650201 Yunnan PR China"},{"name":"Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen 37707 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3189-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing 100081 PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianchu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming 650201 Yunnan PR China"},{"name":"East and Central Asia World Agroforestry Centre  Kunming 650201 Yunnan PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yakov","family":"Kuzyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen 37707 Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences Kazan Federal University  Kazan 420049 Russia"},{"name":"Soil Science Consulting  G\u00f6ttingen 37077 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(03)00138-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-011-0026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-1307-94"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Agroforestry for soil conservation. Tropical agroforestry","author":"Atangana A","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc2017-024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-016-9949-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1179-5395-44-S1-S11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-12-5635-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006389828259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-2424-1_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-006-0003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2422-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01098474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-013-9657-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832014000100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(01)32013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.2006.00679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The chagga homegardens on Kilimanjaro","author":"Hemp C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magazine of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-010-9317-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11842-014-9275-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo844"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2012.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AGFO.0000028995.13227.ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-017-3423-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-014-0212-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The importance and requirement of belowground carbon inputs for robust estimation of soil organic carbon dynamics: Reply to Keel et al. (2017)","volume":"2017","author":"Luo Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-198611000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-013-0390-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-014-9780-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2014.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Land use affects soil biochemical properties in Mann LK. 1986. Changes in soil carbon storage after cultivation","volume":"142","author":"Mganga K. Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1127(91)90203-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1608-4","volume-title":"An introduction to agroforestry","author":"Nair P. K.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2011.0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-011-9434-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409548-9.05088-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200800030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2009.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","first-page":"333","volume-title":"The potential of US forest soils to sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect","author":"Nair P. R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AGFO.0000029004.03475.1d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-008-9759-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3763\/cpol.2002.0240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/S04-003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-009-9228-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-012-9549-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200625111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","volume-title":"Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems","author":"Sharrow S. H.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Carbon sequestration and nutrient removal by some tree species in an agrisilviculture system in Punjab, India","volume":"35","author":"Singh B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Range Management and Agroforestry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201500384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-012-0081-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2007.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-008-9179-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-015-9821-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-012-9494-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1630-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-013-1733-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-010-0466-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-007-9105-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2016.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2015.12.008"},{"issue":"29987","key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","article-title":"Global tree cover and biomass carbon on agricultural land: The contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets","volume":"6","author":"Zomer R. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZomerRJ TrabuccoA CoeR PlaceF. (2009).Trees on farm: Analysis of global extent and geographical patterns of agroforestry. ICRAF Working Paper no 89. Nairobi Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre.","DOI":"10.5716\/WP16263.PDF"}],"container-title":["Land Degradation &amp; Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fldr.3136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ldr.3136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T17:45:52Z","timestamp":1694799952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ldr.3136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ldr.3136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ldr.3136","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1085-3278","1099-145X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1085-3278","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-145X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}