{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:13:54Z","timestamp":1787969634887,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xzy012020046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xzy012020046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sudden chemosensory changes were considered an early predictor of COVID\u201019. Here, the effects of comorbidities on changes in taste and smell in COVID\u201019 patients were investigated based on a worldwide study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data analyzed here were collected from the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research (GCCR) core questionnaire, including questions regarding preexisting disease conditions. Overall, the final sample of 12,438 participants who were diagnosed with COVID\u201019 included patients with preexisting conditions. Mixed linear regression models were used to test our hypothesis, and the <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value of interaction was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 61,067 participants completed the GCCR questionnaire, including 16,016 participants had preexisting diseases. The multivariate regression analysis showed that individuals with high blood pressure, lung disease, or sinus problems, or neurological diseases exhibited worse self\u2010reported smell loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), but no apparent significant differences in the smell or taste recovery. COVID\u201019 patients with seasonal allergy\/hay fever lost their olfactory ability more than patients who did not have it (with 11.90 [9.67, 14.13] vs. without 6.97 [6.04, 7.91], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). The taste ability, smell loss and taste loss after COVID\u201019 recovery also decreased in the COVID\u201019 patients with seasonal allergy\/hay fever (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Preexisting condition of diabetes did not worsen to chemosensory disorder but also had no obvious impact on the chemosensory recovery after acute infection. Preexisting diseases also affected the type of smell change in the COVID\u201019 patients with seasonal allergy\/hay fever or sinus problems (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 patients with high blood pressure, lung disease, or sinus problems, or neurological diseases exhibited worse self\u2010reported smell loss, but no differences in the smell or taste recovery. COVID\u201019 patients with seasonal allergy\/hay fever had greater loss of smell and taste, poorer smell and taste recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T12:49:09Z","timestamp":1674218949000},"page":"25-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effects of comorbidities on the change of taste and smell in <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-4037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingguo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baibing","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaojia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10141-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Position paper on olfactory dysfunction","volume":"56","author":"Hummel T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318184e216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0640-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18963-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30297-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026882000179X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"COVID\u201019 related chemosensory changes in individuals with self\u2010reported obesity","volume":"60","author":"Bhutani S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.589409"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"865","article-title":"Objective sensory testing methods reveal a higher prevalence of olfactory loss in COVID\u201019\u2014positive patients compared to subjective methods: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"45","author":"Hannum ME","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Senses"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.1012","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.1012","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.1012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T15:58:44Z","timestamp":1692287924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.1012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.1012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.1012","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}