{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:22:53Z","timestamp":1767626573231,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012545","name":"Foundation for Research in Science and the Humanities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic technique used in the treatment of various salivary gland diseases. To date, there are very few suitable training models other than the pig's head, which has been used at the European Sialendoscopy Training Center for 22\u2009years. The goal of this study was to describe an ovine model for sialendoscopy training and compare the ovine model's to the human anatomy. We propose a step\u2010by\u2010step approach for sialendoscopy training using this ex\u2010vivo model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anatomy of the ovine salivary ducts and glands was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging using one fresh ovine head. Thereafter, the model was designed during dissection by an experienced sialendoscopist. The various steps were then validated during consecutive dissections using a Likert\u2010scale questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The full model was described in the form of a dissection guide and allowed reliable diagnostic sialendoscopy in 10\/10 Stenson's and in 5\/10 Wharton's ducts. Moreover, interventional sialendoscopy was simulated to provide a training model for the removal of sialoliths in the Stenson's duct. The human and ovine anatomy are quite similar allowing a training experience close to reality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed and evaluated an ovine model with the goal of improving training in diagnostic and interventional sialendoscopy. In particular, the Stenson's duct can be successfully prepared, probed and subjected to sialendoscopy. The realistic anatomical environment and excellent tissue quality created a life\u2010like training experience for an experienced sialendoscopist. Further studies with beginners are necessary to validate this model as a training model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T13:59:46Z","timestamp":1689170386000},"page":"903-911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["First evaluation of an ovine training model for sialendoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Borner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"European Sialendoscoy Training Center  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Caversaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Sialendoscoy Training Center  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Anschuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Endoscopy of the salivary glands","volume":"34","author":"Katz P","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-998200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910143411620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25564"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"754","article-title":"Sialendoscopy under conscious sedation versus general anesthesia. 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