{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:17:03Z","timestamp":1792624623902,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of inadvertent facial nerve stimulation (FNS) after cochlear implant (CI) surgery. And to report the different management strategies used for reducing and resolving FNS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) of the World Health Organization (WHO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analysis (PRISMA) on studies that reported FNS as a complication after CI. A comprehensive electronic search strategy was used to identify the relevant articles. We extracted the data on the prevalence of FNS after CI activation, the reported grades, and the management strategies. The number of associated electrodes; cause of deafness; co\u2010anomalies; and duration of hearing loss and their relationships with FNS were also studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one relevant articles were included in this review. The prevalence of FNS among the CI populations was 5.29% (175\/3306 patients). Among those whose ages were reported, 58.3% (95\/163) were adults, and 41.7% (68\/163) were pediatrics. Modifying the different fitting parameters was the most used strategy, as it successfully resolved FNS in 85.5% of the patients (142\/166). The second commonly used management strategy was surgical intervention (reimplantation or explantation), which was reported in seven studies for 23 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>FNS after CI activation could be controlled and resolved with many advances that range from readjusting the fitting parameters to surgical intervention. However, further studies are required to validate the efficacy of each management strategy and its impact on patients' performance. Our findings demonstrate that CI recipients with FNS could still benefit from the CI devices and their FNS could be controlled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T12:14:01Z","timestamp":1694520841000},"page":"1345-1356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk factors and management strategies of inadvertent facial nerve stimulation in cochlear implant recipients: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6603-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Alahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC), College of Medicine King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassin","family":"Abdelsamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department MED\u2010EL GmbH  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2102-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medhat","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC), College of Medicine King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Audiology Unit, ENT Department Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2646-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman F","family":"Alhabib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC), College of Medicine King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afrah","family":"Alshalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine, Jouf University  Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8622-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nezar","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC), College of Medicine King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Alzhrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC), College of Medicine King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Facial nerve stimulation after cochlear implantation: our experience","volume":"31","author":"Berrettini S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Facial nerve stimulation after Nucleus 22\u2010channel cochlear implantation","volume":"18","author":"Kelsall DC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110400610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000163100.37713.C6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59980301444-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2018.1452561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Otosclerosis and facial nerve stimulation","volume":"104","author":"Weber BP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Facial nerve stimulation from cochlear implants","volume":"19","author":"Bigelow DC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000185047.77017.31"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Facial nerve stimulation produced by cochlear implants in patients with cochlear otosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Muckle RP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07157-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16513860701875463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2019.00129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070\u2010019\u201001649\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000231303.85828.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.4.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70116-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Complications of cochlear implant surgery","volume":"166","author":"Hoffman RA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200411000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802325965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28632"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200309000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182979398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23772484.2021.1975498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000235374.85739.c6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2012.31014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010020\u201006382\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xocr.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211051229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211057823"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.1121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T12:36:52Z","timestamp":1698323812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.1121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.1121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.1121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}