{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:33:28Z","timestamp":1792172008099,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"name":"Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Genetics at the University of Michigan who see and care for these patients","award":["T32 DC 5356-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DC 5356-15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paragangliomas of the head and neck and cranial base are typically benign, slow\u2010growing tumors arising within the jugular foramen, middle ear, carotid bifurcation, or vagus nerve proper. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive characterization of our institutional experience with clinical management of these tumors and posit an algorithm for diagnostic evaluation and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing treatment for paragangliomas of the head and neck and cranial base at our institution from 2000\u20132017. Data on tumor location, catecholamine levels, and specific imaging modalities employed in diagnostic work\u2010up, pre\u2010treatment cranial nerve palsy, treatment modality, utilization of preoperative angiographic embolization, complications of treatment, tumor control and recurrence, and hereditary status (ie, succinate dehydrogenase mutations) were collected and summarized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean (SD) age of our cohort was 51.8 (\u00b116.1) years with 123 (63.4%) female patients and 71 (36.6%) male patients. Catecholamine\u2010secreting lesions were found in nine (4.6%) patients. Fifty\u2010one patients underwent genetic testing, with mutations identified in 43 (20\n                      <jats:italic>SDHD<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 13\n                      <jats:italic>SDHB,<\/jats:italic>\n                      7\n                      <jats:italic>SDHD<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 1\n                      <jats:italic>SDHA, SDHAF2,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>NF1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Observation with serial imaging, surgical extirpation, radiation, and stereotactic radiosurgery were variably employed as treatment approaches across anatomic subsites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An algorithmic approach to clinical management of these tumors, derived from our longitudinal institutional experience and current empiric evidence, may assist otolaryngologists, radiation oncologists, and geneticists in the care of these complex neoplasms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T08:00:58Z","timestamp":1510387258000},"page":"380-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Head and neck paragangliomas: A two\u2010decade institutional experience and algorithm for management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan College of Literature Sciences, and the Arts Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen A.","family":"Darr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol R.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5574-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Basura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Kresge Hearing Research Institute Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-11-0369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000615)88:12<2811::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161377.OR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-08-0284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-950386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481602300306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"University of Michigan Medical School Office of Research. 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