{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:59:23Z","timestamp":1789001963845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trauma remains the leading cause of death for children over a year old. Motorized recreational conveyances (RCs) adds another potential cause of pediatric trauma. This study aims to determine the impact of adding electric motors to RCs on the severity and frequency of pediatric injuries and craniofacial fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric trauma information was obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database between 2012 and 2021. Demographics, injury cause, diagnoses, and incident narrative were collected. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine injury factors associated with serious injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One million five hundred ninety\u2010six thousand five hundred fifty\u2010nine encounters were examined; 113,905 (7.1%) were related to pediatric RCs and 5354 (5.4%) of those involved RCs with electric motors. 14.3% of injuries were related to scooters, 18.6% to skateboards, 54.2% to bicycles, and 12.9% to other RCs. There were significant differences in age, sex, race, helmet use, serious injuries, and craniofacial fractures between RC modalities. RC users were more likely to develop facial fractures (OR 2.12; 95%CI 2.01, 2.23; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and be involved in serious injuries (OR 1.42; 95%CI 1.38, 1.46; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Compared to their self\u2010propelled counterparts, motorized scooters (OR 2.24; 95%CI 1.86, 2.69; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) but not motorized skateboards (OR 1.01; 95%CI 0.88, 1.17; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.88) were more likely to cause serious injuries. Helmet use was associated with fewer serious injuries (OR 0.5; 95%CI 0.46, 0.54; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), facial fractures (OR 0.48; 95%CI 0.41, 0.55; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and skull fractures (OR 0.13; 95%CI 0.09, 0.17; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of electric motors to RCs significantly increases the risk of pediatric craniofacial fractures and serious injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T11:11:20Z","timestamp":1718622680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of modern recreational conveyances on rates of pediatric craniofacial fractures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Trauma Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8290-8861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Trauma Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.304955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"CDC.Web\u2010based injury statistics query and reporting system.2021https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000082156.67895.C8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(03)00571-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2023.100972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.41194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"CPSC.National electronic injury surveillance system (NEISS).2021https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Research--Statistics\/NEISS-Injury-Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419830114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815618932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-324213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"ReinbergS.Big rise in E\u2010scooter injuries among U.S. kids in U.S. news and world report.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2020-000634"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","article-title":"Comparing the severity of injury and trauma pattern between scooter and street motorcycle riders; a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Bahardoust M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-022-00719-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2022.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.26701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.08.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"To helmet or not to helmet: a global perspective on the bicycle compulsory protective helmet law","volume":"73","author":"Klin B","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr (Torino)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"ScheringS.Don't let children under 16 ride electric scooters.2022https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/aapnews\/news\/21954\/Don\u2010t\u2010let\u2010children\u2010under\u201016\u2010ride\u2010electric\u2010scooters?autologincheck=redirected"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.1269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T10:42:29Z","timestamp":1719225749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.1269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.1269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.1269","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1269"}}