{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1768276777996,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benign phonotraumatic lesions of the vocal folds (BVFLs) are typically seen in younger female patients with high vocal loads. Hemorrhagic polyps (HPs) do not fit the classic paradigm of most BVFLs, as they tend to occur in an older population, have a male predominance, and report to result from a vocal accident. We present one of the largest cohorts of HPs, to reexamine their etiology and clinical features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study, inclusive of all patients with HP managed by the senior authors between the years 2016 through 2023. Demographic data, management, phonotraumatic risk factors, pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment VHI\u201010 were reviewed. We examined patient videostroboscopy, categorized the size of the lesion, and identified any concurrent mucosal abnormality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and eleven patients had confirmed HP, 84 males (75.7%). Thirty\u2010five patients were size category 1; pinpoint (28.9%), 57 were category 2; less than 1\/3rd the vocal fold (45.5%), and 26 were category 3; greater than 1\/3rd the vocal fold (21.5%). Ten patients (9%) had bilateral HPs. Thirty\u2010five patients had an additional 40 mucosal lesions in addition to the HP(s). The onset of symptoms was gradual in 60% of patients. The mean pretreatment VHI\u201010 was 18.0 (SD 10.7), compared to 6.0 (SD 10.5) post\u2010treatment, (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). 57\/111 patients reported high voice demand professions or recreational activities. The average self\u2010reported talkative scale score was 7.6\/10. Patients were managed with operative microdirect laryngoscopy and microflap excision (53.1%), in\u2010office clinic potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser (24.3%), voice therapy alone (7.2%), and KTP in the operating room (6.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our cohort, most patients were male, had high vocal demands, reported gradual symptom onset, and almost a third of patients had additional BVFLs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level 3: Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T12:29:42Z","timestamp":1726835382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Revisiting the etiology and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic polyps of the vocal fold"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2734-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe","family":"Santa Maria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam D.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lakeshore Professional Voice Center  St. Clair Shores Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahiti","family":"Vemula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Voice Center, USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0872-869X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Shuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Voice Center, USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8904-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Eugenia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Voice Center, USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"},{"name":"Department of Communication Disorders California State University  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"O'Dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Voice Center, USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Michael M.","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Voice Center, USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0892\u20101997(05)80302\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24911"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-021620171932617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14015430310018892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_jslhr\u201019\u201000057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Voice Disorders","author":"Sapienza C","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392\u2010100x\u2010n0555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537\u2010200104000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840\u2010200312000\u201000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/moo.0000000000000408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537\u2010200409000\u201000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0603.66"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"634","article-title":"Accuracy of self\u2010reported estimates of daily voice use in adults with Normal and disordered voices","volume":"25","author":"Mehta D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J SLP"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2009.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010019\u201005623\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20095654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010003\u20107397\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(89)80127-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215113002454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1499"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.1316","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T12:13:21Z","timestamp":1729858401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.1316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.1316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.1316","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1316"}}