{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1790245163859,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging noninvasive technology used to study cerebral cortex activity. Being virtually silent and compatible with cochlear implants has helped establish fNIRS as an important tool when investigating auditory cortex as well as cortices involved with hearing and language processing in adults and during child development. With respect to this review article, more recently, fNIRS has also been used to investigate central auditory plasticity following hearing loss and tinnitus or phantom sound perception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we review the currently available literature reporting the use of fNIRS in human studies with cochlear implants and tinnitus to measure human central auditory cortical circuits. We also provide the reader with detailed reviews of the technology and traditional recording paradigms\/methods used in these auditory\u2010based studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this review article is to summarize theoretical advancements in our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying auditory processes and their plasticity through fNIRS research of human auditory performance with cochlear implantation and plasticity that may contribute to the central percepts of tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>fNIRS is an emerging noninvasive brain imaging technology that has wide reaching application that can be applied to human studies involving cochlear implants and tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T16:24:45Z","timestamp":1539879885000},"page":"463-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Human central auditory plasticity: A review of functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cochlear implant performance and tinnitus perception"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5574-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Basura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Su","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan San","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Michelle","family":"Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioulia","family":"Kovelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1255\/jnirs.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2012.759666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762814Y.0000000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"pii0506","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"2012","author":"Savage J","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4382656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Temporal cortex activation to audiovisual speech in normal\u2010hearing and cochlear implant users measured with functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy","volume":"10","author":"Rijt L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0083)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1548671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/894203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7453149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00225-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.07.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35094565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2005.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1354627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-L-15-0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.1.2.025006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(74)90172-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(86)90003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90206-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb51572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413502707"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flio2.185","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T07:32:32Z","timestamp":1694763152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.185","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}