{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:25:22Z","timestamp":1759335922688,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to develop an imaging technique for visualization of the Eustachian tube (ET) lumen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, experimental study in an animal model and in human cadaver specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Applying iodixanol to the middle ear in two human temporal bone specimens, followed by computed tomography (CT) examinations, we optimized contrast dilution, CT algorithm, and head positioning for visualization of contrast passage through the ET.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Myringotomy was performed on eight rabbits. Based on the cadaver study, a 20% iodixanol solution was applied to the middle ear, and subsequent CT scans were performed to observe iodixanol in the epipharynx. For some animals, the procedure was repeated on the contralateral ear. We performed the procedure twice on four subjects. Twenty examinations were included.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Iodixanol appearance in the ET and the epipharyngeal orifice was assessed qualitatively on CT scans. The tympanic membrane was inspected after 1 or 2 weeks, and histopathological examination of six contrast\u2010exposed temporal bones was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cadaver study provided information on imaging technique and contrast dosage. In rabbits, iodixanol passed through the ET in 19 of the 20 ears. Qualitatively, optimal visualization was seen after 9 to 12 minutes. Clinical inspection after 1 or 2 weeks revealed normal middle ear status. Histopathological samples showed no sign of inflammatory reaction in the tympanic membrane, middle ear, or ET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iodixanol application to the middle ear is feasible, safe, and demonstrates patency of the ET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T06:22:45Z","timestamp":1467094965000},"page":"83-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CT imaging of the eustachian tube using focal contrast medium administration: a feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedicte","family":"Falkenberg\u2010Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (b.f\u2010j., j.f.k., e.h.); Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet"},{"name":"the University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Silvola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Laurvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Pathology Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lervik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna Fenn","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (b.f\u2010j., j.f.k., e.h.); Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Jablonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet"},{"name":"the University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Einar","family":"Hopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (b.f\u2010j., j.f.k., e.h.); Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1992.tb01004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1829-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-016-1663-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814529538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811399866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-013-2711-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510027466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Roentgenographic evaluation of eustachian tube function in infants with cleft and normal palates","volume":"9","author":"Bluestone CD","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1981.00790420024005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Technique and clinical importance of eustachian tube radiography","volume":"6","author":"Khan NA.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1971.00770060090011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Otological findings ten years after myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion","volume":"24","author":"Barati B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.7.85"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flio2.24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.24","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T10:30:07Z","timestamp":1696501807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.24","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2378-8038"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2378-8038"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]}}}