{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:24:19Z","timestamp":1785875059024,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional reporting of postoperative hearing outcomes utilizes a pure\u2010tone averaged air\u2010bone gap (ABG) that is biased toward low frequencies. Consequently, a high\u2010frequency ABG after otologic surgery may go unnoticed. In this study, we evaluate changes in low\u2010 and high\u2010frequency ABG following ossiculoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive series of patients who underwent ossiculoplasty at a single tertiary care center. Patients with pre\u2010 and postoperative audiograms were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010frequency ABG was calculated as the mean ABG at 250, 500, and 1000\u2009Hz. High\u2010frequency ABG was calculated at 4\u2009kHz. Pre\u2010 and postoperative ABGs were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010seven consecutive patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 38\u2009years (range, 7\u201077\u2009years). Reconstruction materials included: cartilage (N = 4), hydroxyapatite cement (N = 5), and partial or total ossicular replacement prostheses (N = 20 and N = 8, respectively). Postoperatively, the mean low\u2010frequency ABG improved by 11.9\u2009\u00b1\u200915.1 dB (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and the mean high\u2010frequency ABG improved by 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u200916.0 dB (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .030). Low\u2010frequency ABG closure was significantly larger than high\u2010frequency ABG closure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .007). Mean postoperative persistent high\u2010frequency ABG was 22.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8 dB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this series, ossiculoplasty improved ABG across all frequencies, but greater improvements were observed at low frequencies when compared to high frequency. Current reporting standards may not identify persistent high\u2010frequency ABG. Additional study of the mechanisms of high\u2010frequency sound conduction in reconstructed middle ears is needed to improve high\u2010frequency hearing outcomes in ossiculoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T08:27:02Z","timestamp":1593246422000},"page":"734-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Do high\u2010frequency air\u2010bone gaps persist after ossiculoplasty?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Polanik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton\u2010Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology UMass Memorial Medical Center  Worcester Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle R.","family":"Trakimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Castillo\u2010Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton\u2010Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton\u2010Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliott D.","family":"Kozin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton\u2010Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron K.","family":"Remenschneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton\u2010Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology UMass Memorial Medical Center  Worcester Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Clinical Otology","author":"Ryzenman J","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Ossicular chain lesions in cholesteatoma","volume":"32","author":"Albera R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The Chronic Ear","author":"Buzi A","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198308000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199804000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-017-1184-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"Ossiculoplasty prognosis: the spite method of assessment","volume":"13","author":"Black B","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31824b774c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200105000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000226305.43951.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812458401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70100-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Surgery of the Ear and Temporal Bone","author":"Poe DS","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820907600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"CarlileS SchonsteinD. 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