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Since that time, several devices have been developed, with four currently remaining on the international market (Med\u2010el Vibrant Soundbridge, Envoy Esteem, Ototronix MAXUM, and Cochlear Carina). This review will briefly examine the history of middle ear implant development, describe current available devices, evaluate the benefits and limits of the technology, and consider the future directions of research in the field of implantable hearing aids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T18:21:54Z","timestamp":1604686914000},"page":"1184-1191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Implantable Hearing Aids: Where are we in 2020?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6254-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee M.","family":"Banakis Hartl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman A.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr115"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000441036.40169.29","article-title":"Hearing aid use among older U.S. adults; the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2005\u20102006 and 2009\u20102010","volume":"35","author":"Bainbridge KE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11420"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.769066"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"MarkeTrak III: why 20 million in US Don't use hearing aids for their hearing loss","volume":"46","author":"Kochkin S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2014.08.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/IRET-ME.1959.5007893","article-title":"Magnetic audition\u2010auditory stimulation by means of alternating magnetic fields acting on a permanent magnet fixed to the eardrum","volume":"6","author":"Rutschmann J","year":"1959","journal-title":"IRE Trans Med Elec"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139707600510","article-title":"Semi\u2010implantable middle ear electromagnetic hearing device for sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"76","author":"Maniglia AJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30571-5","article-title":"Contactless semi\u2010implantable electromagnetic middle ear device for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. 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