{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:44:28Z","timestamp":1761061468822,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR001415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR001415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR001415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR001415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine neurotologists' 2013 to 2016 Medicare Part\u2010D data and evaluate commonly prescribed medications, longitudinal changes in prescribing patterns, presumed associated pathologies, and cost distribution across United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive prescription data of Part\u2010D\u2010participating neurotologists was quiered from the 2013 to 2016 Medicare Part\u2010D database. Outcome variables consisted of the 25 most commonly prescribed\u2009+\u2009refilled medications, cost distribution per medication, presumed associated pathologies, and standardized prescription cost across United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 594 available U.S. neurotologists, 336 (57%) were found in the Medicare Part\u2010D database. In 2016, total prescription costs were $4\u2009483\u2009268 with an averaged $13\u2009343\u2009\u00b1\u2009$18\u2009698 per neurotologist. The three most frequently filled drugs were fluticasone propionate, ciprofloxacin, and triamterene\u2010hydrochlorothiazide. From 2013 to 2016, the greatest change in prescription pattern was observed with azelastine (+188%), montelukast sodium (+104%), mupirocin (+63%), and mometasone (\u221291%), whereas the greatest change in relative drug cost distribution was seen in ofloxacin, (+695.7%) neomycin\u2010polymyxin\u2010hydrocortisone (+262.1%), and mometasone (\u221283%). Triamterene\u2010hydrochlorothiazide, prednisone, montelukast, amoxicillin\u2010clavulanate, azelastine, spironolactone, and mupirocin had statistically significant increases in average number of prescriptions per physician, whereas ofloxacin and mometasone had significant decreases. Medications presumably treating Eustachian tube dysfunction, Meniere's disease, and vestibular migraine had the greatest percent changes across years. Cost distribution of four drugs increased upwards of 100%. Geographic analysis demonstrated that Southern and Midwest regions had higher standardized prescription costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to analyze neurotologists' trends in prescribing patterns, regional prescription cost distributions, and commonly treated pathologies. This can lead to better standardization of prescribing patterns and cost in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T11:39:55Z","timestamp":1628941195000},"page":"1096-1103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends and patterns of neurotology drug prescriptions on a nationwide insurance database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khodayar","family":"Goshtasbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-698X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Abouzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Abiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasra","family":"Ziai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon M.","family":"Lehrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5599-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adwight","family":"Risbud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Bayginejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harrison W.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-5207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid R.","family":"Djalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Part D Prescriber Data CY 2013\u20102016:Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data.https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems\/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports\/Medicare-Provider-Charge-Data\/Part-D-Prescriber.html. Accessed March 14 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1509103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418773578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27916"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818803337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318280492b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES) National Provider Identifier (NPI) Registry.https:\/\/npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov. 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