{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:13:57Z","timestamp":1792026837999,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>After internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during endoscopic skull base surgery, the majority of patients undergo ICA embolization or stenting to treat active extravasation or pseudoaneurysm development. However, management practices when embolization or stenting is not required have not been well described. The objective of this study was to determine how patients with ICA injury but no embolization, stenting, or ligation do long\u2010term and ascertain the reconstruction methods utilized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine cases of ICA injury were identified in an international multi\u2010institutional retrospective review. Of these, we identified six cases that were not treated with embolization, stenting, or ICA sacrifice. Information was available for five cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A muscle patch was used in the immediate repair of each case. A nasoseptal flap was used in one case. Prefabricated nasal tampons were used in all cases. Nasal packing was initially left in for a median of 7\u2009days prior to removal. The initial muscle patch was reinforced with a second muscle graft in one case. One case demonstrated ICA bleeding at the time of packing removal and was repacked an additional week. Follow\u2010up for each of these cases was at least 2\u2009years. No cases of subsequent carotid rupture were found and none of these cases ultimately underwent endovascular stenting. Radiation or proton therapy has not been subsequently used in any of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study details the reconstruction, lessons learned, and long\u2010term follow\u2010up for five cases of ICA injury not treated with embolization, stenting, or ligation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T07:40:56Z","timestamp":1626507656000},"page":"634-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of outcomes and practices utilized in the management of internal carotid artery injury not requiring definitive endovascular management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2902-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Nyall R.","family":"London","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery King Fahad Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siani","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Stamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Edmundo Vasconcelos Centro de Otorrinolaringologia e Fonoaudiologia (COF)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Cohen\u2010Gadol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University, Department of Neurosurgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussam","family":"Elbosraty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Casiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Morcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Pasquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Ospedale Bellaria  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgio","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Pituitary and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Mazzatenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Pituitary and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garni","family":"Barkhoudarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Brain Tumor Center and Pituitary Disorders Program John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chester","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Brain Tumor Center and Pituitary Disorders Program John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Brain Tumor Center and Pituitary Disorders Program John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1158-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Georgalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Nicosia Cyprus and Hygeia Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trichy N.","family":"Janakiram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal Pearl Hospital  Tiruchirapally Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo L.","family":"Carrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0368-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Carotid artery injury during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: incidence and outcomes","volume":"73","author":"Gardner PA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1395266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607314"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Segments of the internal carotid artery: a new classification","volume":"38","author":"Bouthillier A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.4864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS142483"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.621","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T13:02:31Z","timestamp":1693314151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}