{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:12:11Z","timestamp":1772118731865,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nose and nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred and worldwide\u2010accepted method to detect the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) within the nose and nasopharynx. This method may be linked with possible difficulties, such as patient's discomfort or complications. This article shows a pilot study of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection with nasal and nasopharyngeal lavage fluids (level of evidence: 3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasal lavage fluid was collected from patients who were submitted to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 screening test, due to a preceding positive rapid antigen test. A control group was enrolled among health care professionals whose nasopharyngeal swab tested negative. Nasal lavages were performed using isotonic saline solution injected through a nasal fossa. Both lavage fluid and traditional nasopharyngeal swab were analyzed by real\u2010time (RT) PCR and antigenic test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 49 positive subjects were enrolled in the study. Results of the analysis on lavages and nasopharyngeal swabs were concordant for 48 cases, regardless of the antigenic and molecular test performed. RT\u2010PCR resulted weakly positive at swab in one case and negative at lavage fluid. Among the control group (44 subjects), nasopharyngeal swab and lavage fluid analyses returned a negative result. Sensitivity of the molecular test based on nasal lavage fluid, compared to traditional nasal swab, was 97.7%, specificity was 100%, and accuracy was 98.9%, with high agreement (Cohen's \u03ba, 0.978).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasal and nasopharyngeal lavages resulted to be highly reliable and well tolerated. A larger series is needed to confirm these results. This approach may potentially represent a valid alternative to the traditional swab method in selected cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T07:08:06Z","timestamp":1627369686000},"page":"646-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 detection method based on nasal and nasopharyngeal lavage fluid: A pilot feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Frezza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Fabbris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology University of Padova  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Vian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rigoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalba","family":"De Siati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology University of Padova  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Emanuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Bertinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4635-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Boscolo\u2010Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology University of Padova  Treviso Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Spinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology AULSS 2\u2014Marca Trevigiana  Treviso Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology University of Padova  Treviso Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02580-w"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"e2021105","article-title":"Risk management during COVID\u201019: safety procedures for otolaryngologists","volume":"92","author":"Spinato G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.2946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.3579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"ScattoniML FulceriF D'AnconaFP et al.Interim guidance for the appropriate support of the health workers in the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 emergency scenario. Version May 28 2020. ISS Working Group Mental health and emergency COVID\u201019 2020 14 p. Rapporto ISS COVID\u201019 n. 22\/2020 Rev. \u2013 English version."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"MinghettiL BertinatoL CaraA et al.Recommendations for collection transport and storage of COVID\u201019 biological samples. Version of April 15 2020. ISS COVID\u201019 Translational Research Working Group 2020 19 p. Rapporti ISS COVID\u201019 n. 13\/2020 \u2013 English version."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4284"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.625","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.625","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T09:04:09Z","timestamp":1693299849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.625","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.06.14.21258619","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}