{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:13:19Z","timestamp":1771045999836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Increasing evidence suggests overlap in mechanisms of obstructive and central sleep apnea. Our objective was to compare the patient characteristics and polysomnographic findings of children with concurrent obstructive and central sleep apnea (obstructive sleep apnea + central sleep apnea [OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA]), to those with OSA only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A retrospective case series of polysomnogram (PSG) from 30 June 2013 to 30 June 2018 of patients 18\u2009years and younger was performed. PSG parameters were analyzed per standard protocol. There were two groups, OSA only group and OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA group. OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA was subdivided into groups of central apnea index (CAI) \u22645, and CAI >5. Differences in the age, sex, body mass index (BMI) percentile, prevalence of medical conditions, and PSG parameters between OSA only and OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA were assessed for statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The mean age of the OSA only group was 8.2\u2009years, significantly higher than that of the OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA group, 5.0\u2009years, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.00001. The proportion of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese patients according to BMI percentiles was not statistically significantly different between the two groups, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009>\u2009.05. Most common comorbidity in the two groups was pulmonary conditions, which included asthma. Of the PSG parameters, arousals due to respiratory events and obstructive apnea hypopnea index of all OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA groups were significantly higher than those of the OSA only group, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.05. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was significantly higher in total OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA group and OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA subgroup with CAI \u22645, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.05, compared to OSA only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Children with concurrent OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA are younger, but there appears to be no difference in BMI percentiles between OSA only and OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA. Compared to OSA only group, children with concurrent OSA\u2009+\u2009CSA have significantly different sleep architecture\u2014higher REM %\u2014and experience significantly higher respiratory arousals and obstructive events, especially in the subgroup with CAI >5. There appears to be overlap in mechanisms of CSA and OSA in this cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T16:55:01Z","timestamp":1634835301000},"page":"1449-1454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of polysomnogram findings in children with concurrent obstructive and central sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaewon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Ramagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06.2287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N0262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"ICSD\u20103, International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications, Version 2.0","author":"Berry RB","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811428118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818801757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12927"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811409837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200805-741OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9908058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.9.1173"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.668","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.668","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T12:57:57Z","timestamp":1693227477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.668","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}