{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T23:45:40Z","timestamp":1792971940898,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine the current microbiological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), their antimicrobial sensitivity, their resistance pattern to locally available antibiotics and the appropriate antibiotic against isolated microorganisms causing CSOM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This cross\u2010sectional study involved 91 ear swab specimens obtained from patients clinically diagnosed with active CSOM. Swabs were cultured for microbial identification according to a standard protocol. We performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, using the modified Kirby\u2010Bauer disc diffusion method, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was interpreted based Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Microbial growth was seen in 85 (93.4%) samples, but 6 (6.6%) samples had no growth. Among the samples with growth, 63 (69.2%) were monomicrobial, 13 (14.3%) were polymicrobial, and 9 (9.9%) were of mixed growth with more than three microorganisms. The most common bacteria isolated was\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (32.6%) followed by\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (16.9%) and\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (5.6%). The most sensitive antibiotics against\n P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n were ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin\u2010tazobactam, and cefepime.\n S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n showed the highest sensitivity toward rifampin, cefoxitin, and fusidic acid.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The bacteriological profile of CSOM showed a high prevalence of\n P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n , followed by\n S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. with different distributions in different age groups. We observed a declining pattern of their antibiotic sensitivity. It is important to be aware of the current trend of the bacteriological profiles and to revise the antibiotic regime according to both the sensitivity and age groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n Level of Evidence: NA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T03:52:45Z","timestamp":1634788365000},"page":"1300-1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Evaluation of the current bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in chronic suppurative otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wan Nur Anis","family":"Wan Draman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Khairi","family":"Md Daud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Specialist Clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazama","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Asma","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Normastura","family":"Abd Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Global Burden of Disease Due to Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Disease, Deafness, Deaths and DALYs Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\u2010Burden of Illness and Management Options","author":"Acuin J","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Scott\u2010Brown's Otorhinolaryngology. Head and Neck Surgery","author":"Gleeson M","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"The effect of mild hearing loss on academic performance in primary school children","volume":"74","author":"Md Daud MK","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Orl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook","author":"Church DL","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disc Susceptibility Testing","author":"Wayne PA","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Pattern of chronic suppurative otitis media at the National Ear Care Centre Kaduna, Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"Bakari AA","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v27i4.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32412\/pjohns.v21i1-2.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Microbiology of chronic suppurative otitis media in Singapore","volume":"43","author":"Loy AHC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Microbiology of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in tertiary care setup, Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"32","author":"Zahid T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic suppurative otitis media: sensitivity spectrum against various antibiotics in Karachi","volume":"21","author":"Mansoor T","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejenta.2016.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/gmj.v48i2.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181efaa11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"The association of allergy and chronic suppurative otitis media: a study in a tropical country","volume":"74","author":"Md Daud MK","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.6636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic suppurative otitis media: a review","volume":"70","author":"Verhoeff M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Orl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(03)00095-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal study of 100 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"5","author":"Kumar H","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-7749.187979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a common causative agent of ear infections in south Asian children","volume":"3","author":"Gul S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microb Appl Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Complications of otitis media\u2013a potentially lethal problem still present","volume":"82","author":"Penido Nde O","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Orl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31823dbc70"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"891","article-title":"Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from chronic suppurative otitis media patients in Kerman","volume":"13","author":"Mozafari Nia K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in children in Garissa District, Kenya: a point prevalence study","volume":"77","author":"Aduda DSO","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Orl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Rate of isolation and trends of antimicrobial resistance of multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"5","author":"Lee SK","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Orl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016480902870522"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.682","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T08:57:35Z","timestamp":1693213055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.682","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}