{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:27:37Z","timestamp":1763458057694,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to assess the 4\u2010 and 8\u2010week recovery rate of anosmia and determine the factors associated with recovery in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. RT\u2010PCR\u2010proven COVID\u201019 adult patients (over 18\u2009years of age) with a positive history of anosmia were included in this study. Anosmia was assessed based on the COVID\u201019 Anosmia Reporting Tool. The recovery rate of anosmia after 4 and 8\u2009weeks were evaluated, and the relationship between the patients' recovery and their clinical and demographic data was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 235 patients were included. Their mean age (\u00b1SD) was 43.95\u2009\u00b1\u200915.27\u2009years. Anosmia recovery was reported in 207(88.51%) and 219 (93.19%) participants till 4 and 8\u2009weeks. The mean recovery time was 19.42\u2009\u00b1\u20098.81\u2009days. The result of logistic regression showed that smoking (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.031; OR\u00a0=\u00a010.813), ageusia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002; OR\u00a0=\u00a05.340), headache (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006; OR\u00a0=\u00a00.243), and nasal discharge (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; OR\u00a0=\u00a00.080) were significantly associated with 4\u2009weeks anosmia recovery. The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8\u2009weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.106, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8\u2009weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge. Our result demonstrated that although smoking was associated with higher recovery rate till 4\u2009weeks, it could not be considered as a protective factor after 8\u2009weeks. More studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between anosmia and the associated factors by consideration of both short\u2010 and long\u2010term recovery rates and assess the possible mechanisms that could justify this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Levels of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3b<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1635858178000},"page":"1248-1255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Factors associated with anosmia recovery rate in <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0251-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Babaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8302-2683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamyar","family":"Iravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Malekpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Golkhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Soltaniesmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Hosseinialhashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05966-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in patients with COVID\u201019 at a primary health center, Doha, Qatar","volume":"19","author":"Al\u2010Ani RM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28393.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-020-00423-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43163-020-00050-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery.COVID\u201019 Anosmia Reporting Tool for Clinicians. 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