{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:10:41Z","timestamp":1789452641851,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DC020851\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DC020851\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24DC020855\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24DC020855\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the historical evolution of surgical techniques for otosclerosis treatment, viewed through the lens of human temporal bone pathology to aid in understanding the disease and refining surgical interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review of historical literature on otosclerosis, surgical techniques, and otopathological findings was conducted. Eight temporal bone specimens from the Paparella Otopathology &amp; Pathogenesis Laboratory, University of Minnesota, and one from the University of California, Los Angeles, were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected two temporal bones from donors who underwent four different types of surgical procedures for otosclerosis: stapes mobilization, fenestration, stapedectomy, and stapedotomy. One successful and one complication case was selected for each procedure. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess the outcomes and complications associated with each technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study chronicles the progression of otosclerosis surgery from the stapes mobilization to modern stapedectomy and stapedotomy techniques. Initial procedures, like stapes mobilization and fenestration, yielded limited and temporary results with significant complications. The introduction of stapedectomy marked a significant improvement, with better long\u2010term outcomes. Histopathological analysis revealed insights into the causes of surgical failures and complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otosclerosis surgery has evolved significantly, driven by advances in otopathology and surgical technology. While earlier techniques offered limited success, modern procedures like stapedectomy and stapedotomy provide improved outcomes and fewer complications. Ongoing research promises further advancements in the field, improving patient care and surgical efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:36:35Z","timestamp":1733492195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Otosclerosis and the evolution of stapes surgery: A historical and otopathological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4269-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilshan","family":"Rajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebahattin","family":"Cureoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith E.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9124-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Monsanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Otolaryngology: Vol. II: Otology and Neuro\u2010Otology","author":"Paparella MM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"ToynbeeJ.The Diseases of the Ear: Their Nature Diagnosis and Treatment.1865."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000187050.04286.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Otolaryngology: Volume I: Diseases of the Ear and Hearing","author":"English GM","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Demonstration mikroscopischer und makeroscopischer Pr\u00e4parate von Otospongiosis progressiva","volume":"9","author":"Siebenmann F","year":"1912","journal-title":"Papers Int Otological Congr"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"S2","article-title":"A personal history of stapedectomy","volume":"19","author":"Shea JJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"De la mobilisation de l'etrier","volume":"10","author":"Miot C","year":"1890","journal-title":"Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486009124492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Laser stapedotomy minus prosthesis (laser STAMP): a minimally invasive procedure","volume":"19","author":"Silverstein H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945406300423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1938.00650040049006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945806700403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"Remarkable improvement in hearing by removal of the stapes","volume":"5","author":"Jack F","year":"1893","journal-title":"Trans Am Otol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100040\u20101715149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136\u2010021\u201000380\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1054342"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.70045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T12:00:35Z","timestamp":1734955235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.70045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.70045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.70045","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70045"}}