{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:36:27Z","timestamp":1789094187247,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome with its various phenotypes, as assessed by the apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI), has become a major public health issue. While physicians are regularly faced with a variety of patients with OSA complaints, they may not be aware that OSA in nonobese young adults remains a largely underinvestigated topic. It is hypothesized that, in these subjects, facial bone volumes are smaller than in healthy adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional, nonrandomized, controlled study was designed to compare the 3D cephalometric analysis of bone and craniofacial soft tissues in a group of 23 nonobese apneic (AHI\u2009\u2265\u200915), young (18\u201335\u2009years) adults and in a control group of 23 nonapneic (AHI\u2009&lt;\u200915) healthy subjects by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). All subjects were Caucasian and underwent a sleep examination in the Sleep Clinic of the University Hospital of Liege.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The two groups were comparable except for age and medications. The maxillary bone volume (23.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs. 24.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and the mandibular bone volume (44.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs. 46.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) adjusted for demographic and biometric characteristics were significantly smaller in OSA subjects than in controls. OSA subjects had also a smaller angle of the maxillary diagonals (95.3\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9\u00b0 vs. 106\u2009\u00b1\u200915.9\u00b0) and, at the mandible, a narrower width (90.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0\u2009mm vs. 95.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009mm), a wider gonial angle (119.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5\u00b0 vs. 116.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u00b0), a longer ramus (51.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6\u2009mm vs. 47.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0\u2009mm), and a shorter corpus (74.1\u2009\u00b1\u200910.3\u2009mm vs. 78.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8\u2009mm) than controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniofacial structures that most discerned apneic subjects from controls were the maxillary and mandible bone volumes. An overly narrow maxilla and a postero\u2010rotating mandible were also associated with OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCT06022679.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T12:49:01Z","timestamp":1738327741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional cone beam computed tomography analysis of craniofacial phenotype in nonobese apneic young adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Jadoul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Department Liege University Hospital  Liege 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