{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:32:20Z","timestamp":1790112740607,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess public perspective on over\u2010the\u2010counter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTC<\/jats:styled-content>) hearing aids through social media data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twitter (X)'s Application Program Interface was utilized to collect English\u2010language tweets mentioning OTC hearing aids between January 2019 and October 2022. Sentiment analysis was conducted using the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner, categorizing tweets as positive, neutral, or negative. Main outcomes and measures were average compound sentiment scores. Joinpoint analysis was used to evaluate changes in sentiment scores over time. Two independent raters categorized account type and tweets into categories determined by thematic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 8912 tweets were included. The tweets were categorized as Economy, Political, Logistics, Information, and Other based on thematic analysis. Overall mean (SD) compound sentiment score (range: \u22121 to +1) was weakly positive at 0.15 (0.40). The total number of tweets increased significantly after August 2022, with 331 tweets in Q2 of 2022 and 2110 tweets in Q3 of 2022. There were no significant changes in sentiment scores over the study period. Economy received the highest average compound sentiment score of 0.21 (0.39), followed by Political 0.18 (0.46), Logistics 0.16 (0.41), Other 0.14 (0.39), and lastly Information 0.13 (0.36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated an increase in public awareness regarding OTC hearing aids in social media; although the sentiment toward them remained unchanged, reflecting mixed opinions on their benefits and challenges. Our findings highlight the need for more transparent and educational information, particularly given the increasing confusion accompanying the growing awareness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T09:56:07Z","timestamp":1756115767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social Media Perspectives on <scp>Over\u2010The\u2010Counter<\/scp> Hearing Aids: Sentiment and Thematic Analysis of Twitter (X) Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1861-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel S.","family":"Feier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California, Irvine  Orange California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9914-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School University of Minnesota Twin\u2010Cities  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aman M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California, Irvine  Orange California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caruso Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Wallhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Franscisco School of Nursing  San Franscisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet S.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caruso Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"260","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012","volume":"10","author":"Blackwell D. L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vital and Health Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820910377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.2513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010021\u201016038\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2021.1883197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010022\u201007795\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Quick Statistics About Hearing, Balance, and Dizziness","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000441036.40169.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.26320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.3416"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"MarkeTrak VIII: The Key Influencing Factors in Hearing Aid Purchase Intent: What Factors Would Most Likely Lead Non\u2010Adopters to Purchase Hearing Aids?","volume":"19","author":"Kochkin S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hearing Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Medical Devices; Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices; Establishing Over\u2010The\u2010Counter Hearing Aids","author":"FDA","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"FDA Finalizes Historic Rule Enabling Access to Over\u2010The\u2010Counter Hearing Aids for Millions of Americans","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2022.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.0172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211069933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.2917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2015.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100258(20000215)19:3<335::AID\u2010SIM336>3.0.CO;2\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.4344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13020018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10060150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2021.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2020.1822449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2672677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51983\/ajcst\u20102019.8.S2.2037"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.70242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T04:45:43Z","timestamp":1756442743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.70242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.70242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.70242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70242"}}