{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:08:27Z","timestamp":1761664107828,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To characterize practice patterns and outcomes in the management of low\u2010 and intermediate\u2010grade salivary gland carcinoma prior to the existence of treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Analysis of a registry of patients who underwent parotid and submandibular gland resections for low\u2010and intermediate\u2010grade carcinomas between 2010 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of all 786 patients included in the study, 726 (92%) had preoperative imaging and 653 (83%) had preoperative biopsy. Of the 729 patients with parotid gland cancer, the majority underwent superficial (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009384, 53%) or total (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009254, 35%) parotidectomy. In patients with facial nerve preservation, total parotidectomy was associated with a significant increase in transient facial weakness (72\/177 (41%) vs. 82\/311 (26%),\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.65, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.50\u20130.84,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) and permanent facial nerve weakness (23\/176 (13%) vs. 16\/301 (5%),\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.41, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.22\u20130.75,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) compared to superficial parotidectomy. Adjuvant radiation therapy (\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was delivered to 285 (36%) patients. The proportion of patients receiving adjuvant\n RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n declined significantly over the time period from 2015 to 2019 compared to 2010 to 2014 at 162\/504 (32%) and 123\/282 (44%), respectively (\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.74, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.61\u20130.89,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). When comparing the time periods from 2015 to 2019 and 2010 to 2014, there was no significant difference in local control rates (\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.52, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.26\u20131.04,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.06) or regional control rates (\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.75, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.26\u20132.13,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.58).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Management of low\u2010 and intermediate\u2010grade salivary cancer from 2010 to 2019 was variable, which is expected given the rarity and heterogeneity of the disease and the lack of treatment guidelines prior to 2021. Most patients with parotid malignancies underwent superficial or total parotidectomy. The extent of parotidectomy had an impact on facial nerve function outcomes. Delivery of adjuvant radiation trended down with time. The data presented here will support dissemination of the guidelines and provide data that could inform future trials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 2b.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:36:29Z","timestamp":1758638189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Practice Patterns in Management of Low\u2010 to Intermediate\u2010Grade Salivary Gland Carcinoma: A Multi\u2010Institutional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirabelle","family":"Sajisevi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Vermont Medical Center Burlington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenny","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Callas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8397-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Estabrook Cancer Center, Nebraska Methodist Hospital Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Vural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology St Louis University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-5731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carissa M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9028-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameya","family":"Asarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head & Neck Surgery Ochsner\u2010LSU Health Shreveport Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Aulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, UMass Memorial Medical Center Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Section of Otolaryngology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine\/Northwell Northwell Health Cancer Institute New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa B.","family":"Bowmaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clayton P.","family":"Burruss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0176-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffson","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head & Neck Surgery West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia 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M.","family":"Cognetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head & Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College\/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan J.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine\/Northwell Northwell Health Cancer Institute New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joehassin","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Texas Tech University \u2010 Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Hospital Salem Oregon 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A.","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program UMass Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9390-7928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery George Washington University School of Medicine and Health 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