{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:08:47Z","timestamp":1761664127281,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Sickle cell disease and thalassemia are inherited hematological disorders that are common worldwide. These patients suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia, which can result in bone marrow dysfunction and, in rare cases, extramedullary hematopoiesis. These pathophysiological changes can predispose patients to sinus complications or misdiagnosis in imaging studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Evaluate the maxillary sinus abnormalities in patients with \u03b2\u2010thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and sickle cell\u2013beta thalassemia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A multicenter, case\u2013control study was conducted, including 212 participants, categorized into four groups: control (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009100), sickle cell anemia (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200951), \u03b2\u2010thalassemia (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200915), and sickle cell\u2010beta thalassemia (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200946). Demographic information, laboratory parameters (mean hemoglobin levels and hemoglobin electrophoresis), history of hydroxyurea use, and blood transfusion were recorded. Computed tomography was used to assess sinus wall thickness, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and related sinonasal abnormalities.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant maxillary sinus wall thickening across all disease groups was found, with the \u03b2\u2010thalassemia exhibiting the most pronounced changes (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). A negative correlation was observed between hemoglobin levels and sinus wall thickness in sickle cell anemia. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the paranasal sinuses, although rare, was identified in five patients with \u03b2\u2010thalassemia. Obstruction of the ostiomeatal complex was observed in 14.3% of the \u03b2\u2010thalassemia, 13.7% of sickle cell anemia, and 6.5% of sickle cell\u2013beta thalassemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Our findings reveal significant maxillary sinus wall thickening in \u03b2\u2010thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and sickle cell\u2013beta thalassemia. Recognizing these structural changes is important for radiologists and otolaryngologists, as they may resemble other pathologies and lead to diagnostic challenges if not carefully interpreted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 4.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T10:12:11Z","timestamp":1759831931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiologic Evaluation of Paranasal Sinuses in Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia: Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4729-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha A.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Health Cluster Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayat","family":"AlDarwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pediatric Imaging Unit Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster Qatif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem M.","family":"Alamier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pediatric Imaging Unit Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster Qatif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawal E.","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hereditary Blood Diseases Center Al\u2010Ahsa Health Cluster Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Alabbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Diseases Center Al\u2010Ahsa Health Cluster Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi 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