{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:13:43Z","timestamp":1762272823924,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the pattern of intensity levels in images generated by the two most commonly used rigid endoscopes angulations in sinus surgery: 0\u00b0 and 30\u00b0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An enclosed light box containing an optical square grid, under endoscope illumination set just below saturation level, was used for measuring light distribution levels across test images. Endoscopes with 0\u00b0 and 30\u00b0 angulations were tested at 10\u2009mm from the grid, typical for sinus surgery. The grid was set perpendicular to the axis of the shaft of the endoscope. The grayscale light intensity (GLI) levels (0\u00a0=\u00a0black, 255\u00a0=\u00a0white) in each of the grid squares were quantified from the digitized images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Light intensity was highly non\u2010uniform for both endoscopes. The brightest area of the field of view was at the center for the 0\u00b0 endoscope and at about 20% of the image diameter proximally from the center for the 30\u00b0 endoscope. For the 0\u00b0 endoscope with a maximum value of about 230 GLI (90% of white saturation) at the center the minimum value was about 100 GLI at the periphery. The 30\u00b0 endoscope with a similar maximum GLI value of 226 had a minimum of under 50 GLI at the most distant periphery, too dark for clear grid line definition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are wide variations in light intensity across the image circle and much reduced illumination of the field edge. Surgeons should be aware of this fact so that accommodation can be made when surgical manipulation is performed away from the center of the endoscope field. This is especially relevant in angled cavities such as the frontal sinus recess, where the degree of angulation necessitates \u201cedge of field\u201d surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T11:35:54Z","timestamp":1637667354000},"page":"1283-1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Light intensity distribution in images from rigid endoscopes used in minimal access sinus surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric W.","family":"Abel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee School of Science and Engineering Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Fotiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee School of Science and Engineering Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School University of Dundee Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda\u2010LunaR BlondelWCPM DaulC Hernandez\u2010MierY PosadaR WolfD.A simplified method of endoscopic image distortion correction based on grey level registration. Paper presented at: ICIP'04. International Conference on Image Processing; October 24\u201027 2004; 5:3383\u20103386.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2004.1421840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02513259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.932745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898780707946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240201600106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2018-0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(87)80186-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OkuhataH TsutsuiH.Application of the Real\u2010Time Retinex Image Enhancement for Endoscopic Images. Paper presented at: 35th Annual Int Conf of IEEE EMBS Osaka Japan; July 3\u20107 2013: 3047\u20103410.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610273"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.703","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.703","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.703","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T21:47:01Z","timestamp":1726177621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.703","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2378-8038"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2378-8038"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}