{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:47:29Z","timestamp":1792277249848,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the distribution of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgeons (OHNS) in Vermont to identify gaps in OHNS clinic accessibility between rural and urban areas and better understand the disparities faced by Vermonters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A geospatial, population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted, and the OHNS workforce was assessed using public databases. The ArcGIS Pro Near Analysis tool was used to assess the travel burden to OHNS clinics. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the average distances to Comprehensive Otolaryngology Care Centers (COCC) and General Otolaryngology Clinics (GOC) between rural and urban towns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vermonters have access to 15 OHNS clinics in Vermont, with 10 additional clinics in counties of bordering states. Nearly 43% of counties in Vermont lacked any OHNS clinic. While urban areas of Vermont had the fewest OHNS clinics, they had the largest number of practicing otolaryngologists. On average, Vermonters in urban towns were 31.0\u2009km from a COCC, while those in rural towns were 68.7\u2009km away (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conversely, on average, Vermonters in urban towns were 25.9\u2009km from a GOC, compared to 22.0\u2009km for those in rural towns (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rural residents in Vermont must travel farther distances to obtain OHNS services. However, rural Vermonters face significantly less travel burden to GOCs than urban residents, suggesting that GOCs are well\u2010positioned to reduce disparities in travel burden to OHNS for rural populations. GOCs tend to provide less comprehensive care than COCCs and may, therefore, incompletely improve the distribution and availability of comprehensive otolaryngology services in rural areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:19:26Z","timestamp":1767161966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Geospatial Analysis of Rural\u2013Urban Access of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgeons and Clinics in Vermont"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6148-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Kruglik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Yalovitser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6166-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L.","family":"Rustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara F.","family":"Santagostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin T.","family":"Ostby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Vermont Medical Center  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather C.","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Vermont Medical Center  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirabelle B.","family":"Sajisevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Vermont Medical Center  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"National Organization of State Offices of Rural Health \u201cNational Rural Health Day: Key Messages & 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