{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:46:00Z","timestamp":1782470760637,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic may have altered the epidemiology and clinical features of pediatric olfactory dysfunction, but data focusing on children remain limited, particularly regarding etiological changes and qualitative symptoms such as parosmia. This study investigated temporal changes in pediatric presentations at a tertiary smell clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than 18\u2009years who visited our clinic for olfactory dysfunction between January 2009 and December 2024. Patients were divided into pre\u2010pandemic (January 2009\u2013March 2020) and post\u2010pandemic (April 2020\u2013December 2024) cohorts. Etiology was determined using clinical history, imaging, nasal endoscopy, and psychophysical and subjective olfactory tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportion of pediatric patients among all patients with olfactory dysfunction increased significantly from 1.5% (35\/2322) in the pre\u2010pandemic cohort to 4.7% (48\/1022) in the post\u2010pandemic cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with a corresponding decrease in adults. Etiological distribution shifted significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01): olfactory cleft stenosis predominated in pre\u2010pandemic, whereas upper respiratory tract infection became the leading cause in the post\u2010pandemic cohort, 76% of cases of which related to COVID\u201019. Parosmia was observed exclusively in post\u2010COVID\u201019 pediatric patients. Subjective olfactory scores were higher with post\u2010pandemic patients, indicating more mildly perceived dysfunction, while psychophysical test results showed no significant differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After the COVID\u201019 pandemic, pediatric olfactory dysfunction became more frequent and was predominantly associated with post\u2010infectious causes, particularly COVID\u201019, with parosmia emerging as a characteristic feature. Greater clinical awareness and pediatric\u2010specific diagnostic standards will be needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:50:04Z","timestamp":1777855804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in the Epidemiology of Pediatric Olfactory Dysfunction Before and After\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2777-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinko","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5322-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monami","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumi","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Tei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyoshi","family":"Otori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology 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