{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:50:45Z","timestamp":1782467445560,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024043","name":"Pediatric Scientist Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HD000850\u201034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD000850\u201034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK072506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK072506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL123771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL123771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL142587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL142587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33HL137077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33HL137077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) results from complex host\u2010environment interactions with microbiome dysbiosis and viral infections postulated to drive inflammation and anatomic remodeling. This study investigates the impact of viral presence on pediatric sinonasal disease and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, case\u2013control study with retrospective data collection was conducted at a single\u2010institution tertiary children's hospital. Pediatric patients undergoing sinus surgery for CRS (cystic fibrosis [CF] and non\u2010CF CRS groups) and a control group undergoing structural septoplasty were enrolled from 2018\u20132022. Sinus swabs were collected intraoperatively and during up to 3\u2009years of follow\u2010up. A 14\u2010virus panel was run. 16S and custom amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR assessed microbial profiles. Clinical and endoscopic data were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sinonasal swabs were collected from 15 CF\u2010CRS, 21 non\u2010CF CRS, and 32 control patients during initial sinus surgery. At least one virus was detected in 30.9% of samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921\/68): 18.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096\/32) in controls, 33.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097\/21) in non\u2010CF, and 53.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098\/15) in CF. Human rhinovirus (HRV) was most common, comprising 45.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911\/24) of viral detections. Across study duration, viral\u2010positive CRS individuals were 3.49 times more likely to report nasal drainage (95% CI: 1.59\u20139.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) and 4.23 times more likely to exhibit discharge on endoscopy (95% CI: 1.40\u201312.81,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) than viral\u2010negative individuals. HRV\u2010positive samples had decreased\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025), increased\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.052), and increased\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      relative abundance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.076) versus viral\u2010negative samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral infections can exacerbate pediatric CRS by increasing nasal drainage and endoscopic discharge while promoting chronic inflammation and persistent disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:25:52Z","timestamp":1781709952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viral Detection and Clinical Disease Features in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8722-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary C.","family":"Wilding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber D.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn J.","family":"Rapsinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Hilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Bomberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2003.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814549302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00934\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02806\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202209\u2010763OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099\u20100496(200012)30:6<481::aid\u2010ppul8>3.0.co;2\u2010n"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2019.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.0979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743\u2010422X\u20108\u2010332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010019\u20100209\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00178\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.3.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.2.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526\u2010025\u201000480\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201060552\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.01.026"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.70465","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.70465","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.70465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:45:16Z","timestamp":1782467116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.70465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.70465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.70465","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70465"}}