{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:40:36Z","timestamp":1787841636068,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To map and synthesize the available evidence and evidence gaps on drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in infants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), focusing on reported sites of obstruction, DISE\u2010associated management decisions, postoperative outcomes, safety, and limitations in current reporting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/MEDLINE\/Embase\/Google Scholar was searched for studies published in English and French from January 1980 to September 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA\u2010ScR) guidelines. Eligible studies included original reports describing infants under 12\u2009months with OSA who underwent DISE. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracted data with a standardized form, and synthesized results descriptively. Extracted variables included available polysomnography (PSG) parameters, DISE methodology, comparator airway evaluations when reported, DISE\u2010directed interventions, postoperative outcomes, and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight observational studies published between 2013 and 2024 met inclusion criteria, involving 151 infants. DISE often revealed multilevel obstruction, most commonly involving the supraglottis (epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids; including sleep\u2010state laryngomalacia) and retrolingual airway. Contributors from the nasal and adenotonsillar regions were also reported. DISE findings were associated with variable interventions, most frequently supraglottoplasty and adenoidectomy\/tonsillectomy, with selected cases requiring mandibular distraction, tongue\u2010lip adhesion, or tracheostomy. When postoperative PSG was available, indices generally improved (mean apnea\u2010hypopnea index [AHI] approximately 10.6 events\/h preoperatively and 3 events\/h postoperatively). No major DISE\u2010related complications were consistently described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In infants with OSA, DISE appears feasible and may identify dynamic, often multilevel obstruction, particularly supraglottic and retrolingual collapse. However, current evidence remains limited by small retrospective series, inconsistent PSG reporting, variable DISE protocols, and limited objective postoperative outcomes. Prospective studies with standardized DISE methods, uniform PSG reporting, defined outcome measures, and comparator airway evaluations are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:04:41Z","timestamp":1786507481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Drug\u2010Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Infants With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Current Evidence and Knowledge Gaps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bouhraoua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Salois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology CHU Ste\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8300-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology \u2010 Head &amp; Neck Surgery CHU Ste\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte Justine Research Institute, CHU Sainte Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00985\u20102017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108\u20101455CI"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820986566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31244-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098\u2010023\u201004873\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/576719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820985000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.2839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20100850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618756706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010023\u201002945\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202310\u20101857ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.4548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26408"}],"container-title":["Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.70536","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lio2.70536","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lio2.70536","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:16:21Z","timestamp":1787840181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lio2.70536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lio2.70536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.70536","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-8038","2378-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2378-8038","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70536"}}