{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:03:53Z","timestamp":1790298233809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the microbiological efficacy of the Ray\u2010Two ultraviolet\u2010C (UV\u2010C) light\u2010emitting diode (LED) chamber for reprocessing flexible rhinolaryngoscopes in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) practice and compare its economic and ecological impacts with chemical high\u2010level disinfection using the Tristel Trio Wipes System (TTWS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a prospective study at a tertiary ORL center, bacterial contamination was assessed on 20 flexible rhinolaryngoscopes immediately after routine posterior rhinoscopy and\/or laryngoscopy. Paired swab samples were collected from the distal 10\u201312\u2009cm shaft pre\u2010 and post\u2010reprocessing: manual pre\u2010cleaning with tap water followed by a 4\u2010min UV\u2010C LED cycle. Samples were cultured on TSA\u20105% sheep blood agar for 36\u2009h at 35\u00b0C\u201337\u00b0C, with colony\u2010forming units (CFUs) enumerated. Per\u2010cycle costs and carbon footprints were calculated via life cycle assessment (ISO 14040\/14044) and compared with TTWS, based on 5000 annual procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre\u2010reprocessing median CFUs (IQR; range) were 15 (3\u201327; 2 to &gt;\u2009200), reducing to 0 (0\u20130; 0\u20131) post\u2010UV\u2010C (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; &gt;\u200999% reduction; 19\/20 samples sterile). UV\u2010C per\u2010cycle cost was \u20ac0.56 (vs. \u20ac8.32 for TTWS; 93% savings), with a carbon footprint of 6.81\u2009g CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      e (vs. 115.8\u2009g; 94% reduction). Annual savings: \u20ac38,800 and 548\u2009kg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      e.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Ray\u2010Two UV\u2010C LED chamber achieves near\u2010complete bacterial elimination (100% in 19\/20 samples; 1 residual CFU in 1\/20 samples) on flexible rhinolaryngoscopes, with superior cost\u2010efficiency and sustainability versus TTWS. This mercury\u2010free, point\u2010of\u2010care method supports greener ORL practice amid evolving EU and US state\u2010level regulations on mercury\u2010containing lamps, enhancing infection control without compromising efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:46:31Z","timestamp":1790297191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>UV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>C LED<\/scp>\n                    Disinfection of Flexible Rhinolaryngoscopes: Microbiological, Economic, Environmental, and Legislative Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6744-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Maeyaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Claeys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stien","family":"Vandendriessche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Siwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjorn","family":"Delbeecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Systems IBiTech, Ghent University  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Verdonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Systems IBiTech, Ghent University  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain F.","family":"Kalmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Systems IBiTech, Ghent University  Gent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine General Hospital Maria Middelares  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010020\u201005978\u2010w"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E259","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1392099","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Linked to Cross\u2010Contamination of Flexible Endoscopes","volume":"3","author":"Kenters N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endoscopy International Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328301396b","article-title":"Endoscopy\u2010Related Infection: Relic of the Past?","volume":"21","author":"Seoane\u2010Vazquez E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation","author":"Spaulding E. 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