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Independent extraction of articles by 3 authors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with spontaneous CSF leaks are often obese (average BMI of 38 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and female (72%). Many patients also have obstructive sleep apnea (\u223c45%) and many have elevated intracranial pressure when measured by lumbar puncture. In addition to thinning of the skull base, radiographic studies also demonstrate cortical bone thinning. Endoscopic surgical repair of anterior skull base leaks and middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach for repair of lateral skull base leaks are safe and effective with an average short\u2010term failure rate of 9% and 6.5%, respectively. Long\u2010term failure rates are low. One randomized trial failed to show improved success of anterior leak repairs with the use of a lumbar drain (LD) (95% with vs. 92% without; P\u2009=\u20090.2). In a large retrospective cohort of MCF lateral skull base repairs, perioperative LD use was not necessary in &gt;94% of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous CSF leaks are associated with female gender, obesity, increased intracranial hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. Endoscopic repair of anterior skull base leaks and MCF or transmastoid approaches for lateral skull base leaks have a high success rate of repair. In most cases, intraoperative placement of lumbar drain did not appear to result in improved success rates for either anterior or lateral skull base leaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2a, Systematic Review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T06:58:40Z","timestamp":1491548320000},"page":"215-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Surgical repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maraya M.","family":"Baumanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Indiana 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