{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T07:35:54Z","timestamp":1750836954482,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The standard treatment for endemic goiter is usually total thyroidectomy. In low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries, the management of thyroid disease, which is commonplace in fully developed countries, is not always possible. The purpose of this study is to establish a treatment algorithm to calculate the extent of thyroidectomy based on the risk factors of each patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective observational study conducted during the period between 2017 and 2019. A total of 287 patients with thyroid pathology were treated in Maragua Hospital (Kenya). The results of surgical treatment were analyzed after the implementation of an individualized treatment protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and sixty patients with different types of goiter underwent surgery: solitary nodule (54.4%), multi\u2010nodular goiter (30.6%), diffuse goiter (10.6%), and intrathoracic goiter (3.8%). The techniques used were hemithyroidectomy (78.8%), Dunhill thyroidectomy (9.4%), bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (6.9%), and total thyroidectomy (3.1%). There was no mortality. The surgical morbidity rate was 16% (only one major complication (3b)). Two cases of dysphonia were resolved in the first week. There were three cases of symptomatic hypocalcaemia, two of which resolved in the first week and the other of which was definitive. The follow\u2010up at 6\u00a0months was 67%. The cancer rate found in the resection specimens was 5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The implementation of individualized surgical protocols for thyroid surgery in sub\u2010Saharan Africa can improve outcomes. The cooperation projects can increase access to complex surgical treatment for patients with limited resources in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T08:38:25Z","timestamp":1646815105000},"page":"417-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Goiter surgery recommendations in sub\u2010Saharan Africa in humanitarian cooperation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5812-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Gil","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca  Murcia 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