{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:02:53Z","timestamp":1790787773444,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020KY464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KY464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carcinoma showing thymus\u2010like elements (CASTLE) is a rare kind of malignant tumor of thyroid gland. The genetic mutation characteristics of CASTLE are not clear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed seven patients diagnosed as CASTLE tumor in our hospital, and performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in five cases to analyze the genomic variation of CASTLE in thyroid gland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis of CASTLE was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical results. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cell membranes of tumor samples in all cases were moderately to strongly positive for CD5 and CD117. WES presented a large number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions and deletions (InDel), and copy number variations (CNVs). By comparing with the TCGA database, we found novel mutations in significantly mutated genes such as <jats:italic>FBXL16<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PAQR7<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>LEFTY1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>UBA52<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>FLNA<\/jats:italic>, as well as in potential disease\u2010related driver genes such as <jats:italic>MLLT10<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FLNA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CYLD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>KMT2D<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SFPQ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MUC16<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EEF2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>KMT2C.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CASTLE tumors contain unique tumor driver gene mutations. The information about mutations in several novel genes obtained in this study may contribute to unraveling the molecular mechanisms responsible for the emergence of thyroid CASTLE tumors and help formulating possible in\u2010roads for treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T10:07:00Z","timestamp":1652782020000},"page":"894-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genomic variation associated with carcinoma showing thymus\u2010like elements (<scp>CASTLE<\/scp>) in thyroid gland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9680-7973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and 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