{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:31:59Z","timestamp":1747150319641,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Composite vocal fold (VF) biomechanical data are lacking for augmentation after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. We hypothesize resulting atrophy decreases VF stiffness and augmentation restores native VF biomechanics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen Yorkshire Crossbreed swine underwent left RLN transection and were observed or underwent carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa) augmentation at 2\u2009weeks. Biomechanical measurements (structural stiffness, displacement, and maximum load) were measured at 4 or 12\u2009weeks. Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle cross\u2010sectional area was quantified and compared with two\u2010way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 4\u2009weeks, right greater than left structural stiffness (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE) was observed (49.6\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.003 vs. 28.4\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.002\u2009mN\/mm), left greater than right displacement at 6.3\u2009mN (0.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 vs. 0.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01\u2009mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.01) was identified, and right greater than left maximum load (72.3\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.005 vs. 40.8\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.003\u2009mN) was recorded. TA muscle atrophy in the injured group without augmentations was significant compared to the noninjured side, and muscle atrophy was seen at overall muscle area and individual muscle bundles. CMC augmentation appears to maintain TA muscle structure in the first 4\u2009weeks with atrophy present at 12\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>VF biomechanical properties match TA muscle atrophy in this model, and both CMC and CaHa injection demonstrated improved biomechanical properties and slower TA atrophy compared to the uninjured side. Taken together, these data provide a quantifiable biomechanical basis for early injection laryngoplasty to improve dysphonia and potentially improve healing in reversible unilateral vocal fold atrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T06:40:59Z","timestamp":1657176059000},"page":"1057-1064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Augmentation and vocal fold biomechanics in a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Solaleh","family":"Miar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering The University of Texas  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"USAF 59MDW\/ST Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education  Oak Ridge 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