{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T06:10:46Z","timestamp":1777097446560,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Laryngoscope Investig Oto"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to predict occurrence of facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in cochlear implanted patients for far\u2010advanced otosclerosis (FAO) by correlating preoperative computed tomography (CT)\u2010scan data to FNS and to evaluate FNS impact on hearing outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis on 91 ears (76 patients) implanted for FAO. Electrodes were straight (50%) or perimodiolar (50%). Demographic data, extension of otosclerosis on preoperative CT scan, occurrence of FNS, and speech performance were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of FNS was 21% (19 ears). FNS appeared during the first month (21%), 1\u20136\u00a0months (26%), 6\u201312\u2009months (21%), and over 1\u00a0year (32%) postimplantation. Cumulative incidence of FNS at 15\u2009years was 33% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0[14\u201347%]). Extension of otosclerotic lesions on preimplantation CT\u2010scan was more severe in FNS ears compared to No\u2010FNS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05): for Stage III, 13\/19 (68%) and 18\/72 (25%) ears for FNS and No\u2010FNS groups, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Location of otosclerotic lesions relative to the facial nerve canal was similar whatever the presence or not of FNS. Electrode array had no impact on FNS occurrence. At 1 year post\u2010implantation, duration of profound hearing loss (\u22655\u2009years) and previous stapedotomy were negatively associated with speech performance. FNS did not impact hearing outcomes, despite a lower percentage of activated electrodes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) in the FNS group. Nevertheless, FNS were associated with a decrease of speech performance both in quiet (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and in noise (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cochlear implanted patients for FAO are at greater risk of developing FNS affecting speech performance over time, probably due to a higher percentage of deactivated electrodes. High resolution CT\u2010scan is an essential tool allowing FNS prediction but not time of onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2b, Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T08:00:10Z","timestamp":1669795210000},"page":"220-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Facial nerve stimulation in adult cochlear implant recipients with far advanced otosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5938-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria\u2010Pia","family":"Tuset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle Implants Auditifs, ORL, GH Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re AP\u2010HP Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris 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