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The objective of this study is to compare erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) content between patients with PAD and controls. We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study of 179 vascular surgery outpatients (controls, 34; PAD, 145). A blood sample was drawn and the erythrocyte FA content was assayed using capillary gas chromatography. We calculated the ratio of the n\u20103 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the n\u20106 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) as well as the omega\u20103 index (O3I), a measure of erythrocyte content of the n\u20103 PUFA, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), expressed as a percentage of total erythrocyte FA. Compared with controls, patients with PAD smoked more and were more likely to have hypertension and hyperlipidemia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Patients with PAD had a lower mean O3I (5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7% vs 6.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and EPA:ARA ratio (0.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 vs 0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but greater mean total saturated fats (39.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5% vs 38.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). After adjusting for several patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medications, an absolute decrease of 1% in the O3I was associated with 39% greater odds of PAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03\u20131.86, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). PAD was associated with a deficiency of erythrocyte n\u20103 PUFA, a lower EPA:ARA ratio, and greater mean total saturated fats. These alterations in FA content may be involved in the pathogenesis or development of poor outcomes in PAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T06:11:47Z","timestamp":1552975907000},"page":"211-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated with a Deficiency of Erythrocyte Membrane n\u20103 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Joel L.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California  San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco CA 94143 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg J.","family":"Zahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California  San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco CA 94143 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Spaulding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California  San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco CA 94143 USA"},{"name":"Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Mail Code 112G, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco CA 94121 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukaynah A.","family":"Khetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California  San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco CA 94143 USA"},{"name":"Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Mail Code 112G, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco CA 94121 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy K.","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco CA 94158\u20102549 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren J.","family":"Gasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California  San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco CA 94143 USA"},{"name":"Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Mail Code 112G, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco CA 94121 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC  5009 W. 12th Street, Suite 8, Sioux Falls SD 57106 USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine University of South Dakota  1400 W. 22nd St, Sioux Falls SD 57105 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco, Box 1211, San Francisco CA 94143\u20101211 USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Medical Center  4150 Clement St, San Francisco CA 94121 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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