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Nevertheless, measurement and characterization of a wider spectrum of FA biomarkers of dairy across the four major serum lipid fractions is lacking. This study aimed to (1) quantify FA biomarkers of dairy in PL, triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and unesterified fatty acid (FFA) serum lipid fractions; and (2) identify potential demographic and metabolic factors that may modify the proportions of these FA across serum fractions. Baseline data from 444 adults in the PROMISE cohort were analyzed. FA biomarkers, 15:0, t16:1n\u20107, 18:2\u2010c9,t11, and t18:1n\u20107 were quantified from serum. Dairy intake was estimated using the validated Canadian Diet History Questionnaire. Our results show that t18:1n\u20107 was the most abundant FA biomarker in all fractions except CE, where 18:2\u2010c9,t11 was the most abundant. Positive correlations within fractions, and across FA in the PL, CE, and FFA fractions were found, however, TAG FA were negatively correlated with the other fractions. PL and CE FA were positively associated with dairy intake, and negatively associated with markers of dysmetabolism while, in contrast, these markers were predictors of higher TAG dairy FA. This study is the first to demonstrate distinct proportions of dairy FA in different serum lipid fractions. PL and CE FA marked dairy intake in this cohort, while TAG FA appeared to be markers of dysmetabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T23:38:22Z","timestamp":1566257902000},"page":"617-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Distribution of Fatty Acid Biomarkers of Dairy Intake across Serum Lipid Fractions: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8350-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid D.","family":"Santaren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Bazinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke W.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Sievenpiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria St., M5B 1T8  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adria","family":"Giacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Retnakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western Center for Public Health and Family Medicine, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., N6G 2M1  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Zinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-10-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514003894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1575(91)90049-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.4.750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200600044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602256"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.011858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000092","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000092","article-title":"Biomarkers of dairy fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease in the multi\u2010ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Oliveira O. 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