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However, salmon can also convert \u03b1\u2010linolenic acid (18:3n\u20103) into eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n\u20103) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n\u20103) by sequential desaturation and elongation reactions, which can be modified by 20:5n\u20103 and 22:6n\u20103 intake. In mammals, dietary 20:5n\u20103\u2009+\u200922:6n\u20103 intake can modify <jats:italic>Fads2<\/jats:italic> expression (\u03946 desaturase) <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> altered DNA methylation of its promoter. Decreasing dietary fish oil (FO) has been shown to increase <jats:italic>\u03945fad<\/jats:italic> expression in salmon liver. However, it is not known whether this is associated with changes in the DNA methylation of genes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. To address this, we investigated whether changing the proportions of dietary FO and vegetable oil altered the DNA methylation of <jats:italic>\u03946fad_b<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\u03945fad<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Elovl2,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Elovl5_b<\/jats:italic> promoters in liver and muscle from Atlantic salmon and whether any changes were associated with mRNA expression. Higher dietary FO content increased the proportions of 20:5n\u20103 and 22:6n\u20103 and decreased <jats:italic>\u03946fad_b<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in liver, but there was no effect on <jats:italic>\u03945fad, Elovl2,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Elovl5_b<\/jats:italic> expression. There were significant differences between liver and skeletal muscle in the methylation of individual CpG loci in all four genes studied. Methylation of individual <jats:italic>\u03946fad_b<\/jats:italic> CpG loci was negatively related to its expression and to proportions of 20:5n\u20103 and 22:6n\u20103 in the liver. These findings suggest variations in dietary FO can induce gene\u2010, CpG locus\u2010, and tissue\u2010related changes in DNA methylation in salmon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T18:59:43Z","timestamp":1572289183000},"page":"725-739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dietary Fish Oil Alters DNA Methylation of Genes Involved in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Muscle and Liver of Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Nicola A.","family":"Irvine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Ruyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research)  PO Box 210 1432, \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone\u2010Kari","family":"\u00d8stbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research)  PO Box 210 1432, \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Sonesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research)  PO Box 210 1432, \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Lillycrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research)  Sj\u00f8lsengveien 22, 6600 Sunndals\u00f8ra Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7665-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham C.","family":"Burdge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2005.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"BergeGM \u00d8stbye T\u2010KK Kj\u00e6rMA SonessonAK M\u00f8rk\u00f8reT RuyterB(2015).Betydning av genetisk bakgrunn og ulike niv\u00e5 av omega\u20103\u2010fettsyrer i f\u00f4r i tidlig livsfaser for fiskehelse fettsyresammensetning og muskelkvalitet ved slaktest\u00f8rrelse. 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