{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T18:51:48Z","timestamp":1781981508476,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010710","name":"Dairy Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP130458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP130458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are mainly saturated fatty acids with a methyl branch on the penultimate or antepenultimate carbon atom. While BCFAs are endogenously produced via the catabolism of branched chain amino acids, the primary exogenous source of BCFAs in the human body is via the diet, including dairy products. Recently, BCFAs have been identified as having a potentially protective role in the etiology of cardiometabolic disorders although current literature is limited. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of circulating BCFAs across four serum pools with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and glucose concentrations in the PROMISE Cohort. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were assessed using Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2). Estimates of beta cell function were determined using the insulinogenic index divided by HOMA insulin resistance and the insulin secretion\u2010sensitivity index\u20102 (ISSI\u20102). Baseline serum samples were analyzed for BCFAs using gas\u2010chromatography flame ionization detection. Longitudinal associations were determined using generalized estimating equations. In the free fatty acid (FFA) pool, iso15:0 and anteiso15:0 were positively associated with logHOMA2 (<jats:bold>iso15:0<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>logHOMA2\u2010%S<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.86, 95% CI: [1.64, 12.36], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, <jats:bold>anteiso15:0<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>logHOMA2\u2010%S<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.36, 95% CI: [0.63, 12.42], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) while anteiso14:0 was inversely associated with measures of insulin sensitivity (<jats:bold>iso14:0<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>logHOMA2\u2010%S<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22122.35, 95% CI: [\u22124.26, \u22120.40], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, <jats:italic>logISI<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22122.30, 95% CI: [\u22124.32, \u22120.23], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, <jats:bold>anteiso14:0<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>logHOMA2\u2010%S<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22124.72, 95% CI: [\u22127.81, \u22121.52], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, <jats:italic>logISI<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22126.13, 95% CI: [\u22129.49, \u22122.66], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Associations in other pools were less consistent. We identified the potential importance of specific BCFAs, specifically iso14:0, anteiso14:0, iso15:0, anteiso15:0, in cardiometabolic phenotypes underlying type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:52:34Z","timestamp":1683777154000},"page":"171-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of circulating branched chain fatty acids with insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in the <scp>PROMISE<\/scp> cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagam A.","family":"Yehia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liridona","family":"Isai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhila","family":"Semnani\u2010Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira Zhi Hua","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Retnakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Western University  London Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline L.","family":"Beaudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5013-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P.","family":"Bazinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6364-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Western University  London Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn20061709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)30058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086844"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2011.10719983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30093-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Homa2 Calculator.HOMA2 calculator: download. 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