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However, their roles in bone metabolism and in the development of osteoporosis remain unclear. This study used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, commonly used to study osteoporosis, to analyze the levels of sterols, including phytosterols, cholesterol, and oxysterols in the humerus, femur, femoral bone marrow, blood, and liver. Sterol levels were measured through gas chromatography. We observed that campesterol and cholesterol exhibited similar patterns of change in the blood, liver, and bone marrow. Conversely, cholesterol and campesterol levels in the femur did not change significantly, while bone marrow cholesterol levels decreased. The similar changes in campesterol and cholesterol levels suggest that these sterols are derived from the blood and taken up by the bone marrow. Significant increases in 4\u03b2\u2010hydroxycholesterol were found in the humerus, plasma, and liver of OVX rats. The ratio of 4\u03b2\u2010hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol in the bone marrow was significantly increased in OVX rats. These findings suggest that 4\u03b2\u2010hydroxycholesterol is associated with OVX\u2010induced osteoporosis and contributes to the decline in bone density.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:13:00Z","timestamp":1761721980000},"page":"151-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sterol Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats: Potential Roles of Campesterol and 4\u03b2\u2010Hydroxycholesterol in Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2654-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhao","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka city 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