{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T02:30:37Z","timestamp":1786415437165,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K05742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K05742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite notable medical advancements, the continuous development of novel cancer therapies remains imperative. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of liposomes prepared solely from nonnatural myristoylated (saturated C\n                    <jats:sub>14<\/jats:sub>\n                    chains) or natural cardiolipin to develop a cancer therapies strategy. We calculated IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values using a cell proliferation inhibition assay and investigated the underlying mechanisms in cells exhibiting high inhibitory activity using Western blotting and flow cytometry. Calculation of the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    revealed that liposomes prepared solely with natural cardiolipin exhibited low toxicity to normal cells (&gt;\u2009100\u2009\u03bcM) and showed the strongest toxicity against cancer cells, specifically KMS\u201012\u2010PE (multiple myeloma cells) (23.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4\u2009\u03bcM) among various cancer cells. In contrast, liposomes prepared solely with myristoylated cardiolipin exhibited weak anticancer activity. Furthermore, the mechanism of anticancer activity was evaluated using immunoblotting and flow cytometry. After administration of natural cardiolipin liposomes, CASPASE\u20103 cleavage was confirmed in KMS\u201012\u2010PE cells, and the annexin V\u2010positive rate was higher than in the liposome\u2010free control group, suggesting apoptosis induction. These results indicate that natural cardiolipin is nontoxic to normal cells and possesses anticancer activity. This study demonstrated that liposomes formulated with cardiolipin can induce anticancer activity independently. This new finding is considered a foundation for future therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T02:05:56Z","timestamp":1786413956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anticancer Activity of Liposomes Prepared Solely From Cardiolipin"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Arisa","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ippei","family":"Noboruo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tateishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Matsushima\u2010Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daichi","family":"Kusakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Masunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2694-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases Kumamoto University Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5528-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Science Farm Ltd.  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University  Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensaku","family":"Anraku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Kumamoto Health Science University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20102836(65)80093\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0525573"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010023\u201005657\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131115447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2024.189241"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S431599"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2013.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M004796"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M010520"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834016688816"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201026650\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155415574818"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8679469"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010024\u201000529\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238367"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040907"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1323028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad306"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14401"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2012.676642"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2024.2443550"}],"container-title":["Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lipd.70075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lipd.70075","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lipd.70075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T02:06:03Z","timestamp":1786413963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lipd.70075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lipd.70075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lipd.70075","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-4201","1558-9307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-4201","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"lipd.70075"}}