{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:01:14Z","timestamp":1789956074770,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Remnant cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (\n ApoB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) are established contributors to coronary artery disease (\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), but their relationship with very\u2010large\n VLDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n phospholipid composition remains uncertain. We evaluated whether genetically proxied\n VLDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n phospholipid composition is linked to\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n through a connected remnant cholesterol\u2013\n ApoB<\/jats:styled-content>\n axis. Summary\u2010level\n GWAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n data were analyzed using network Mendelian randomization. Primary pairwise analyses used genome\u2010wide significant instruments (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20095\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22128<\/jats:sup>\n ) and inverse\u2010variance weighted random\u2010effects models, with weighted median,\n MR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Egger,\n MR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n PRESSO<\/jats:styled-content>\n , Steiger directionality, leave\u2010one\u2010out analyses, multivariable\n MR<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n MVMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and locus\u2010level colocalization as complementary analyses. Higher\n VLDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n phospholipid ratio was associated with higher remnant cholesterol (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.86, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.74\u20130.99) and higher\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.80, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.54\u20132.11). Remnant cholesterol was associated with higher\n ApoB<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.04, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01\u20131.08), and\n ApoB<\/jats:styled-content>\n with higher\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.40, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.23\u20131.59). In\n MVMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n models with adequate conditional instrument strength,\n VLDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n phospholipid ratio remained associated with\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n after adjustment for remnant cholesterol (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.44, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.07\u20131.94) or\n ApoB<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.60, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.21\u20132.11), whereas their conditional effects were not independently significant. Remnant cholesterol and\n ApoB<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed near\u2010complete genetic collinearity, limiting reliable separation of their independent effects. colocalization supported shared causal signals at multiple loci. The findings support a genetically connected VLDL\u2013remnant cholesterol\u2013ApoB lipid axis associated with CAD, but do not establish formal serial mediation. VLDL phospholipid composition may capture CAD\u2010relevant biology not fully explained by remnant cholesterol or ApoB alone.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:26:24Z","timestamp":1789953984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["VLDL<\/scp>\n Phospholipid Composition, Remnant Cholesterol,\n ApoB<\/scp>\n , and Coronary Artery Disease: A Network Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7209-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Dezhou University Dezhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Dezhou University Dezhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Dezhou University Dezhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Dezhou University Dezhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Dezhou University Dezhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2908-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Dezhou University Dezhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15555.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100579\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(10)61350\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201004064\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2010.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010020\u20100640\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs431"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100222\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010020\u20100705\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005473\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.13985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.3780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.312086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.234146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100099\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2797"},{"key":"e_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