{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:31:28Z","timestamp":1792153888497,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Learning Health Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT has been widely researched for its potential in gealthcare applications. However, its efficcy as a virtual health coach is one of the important areas, which can significantly contribute to the sustainablility in healthcare operations, especially in managing critical illnesses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of ChatGPT as a virtual health coach for chronic disease managemet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a quasi\u2010experimental design because ChatGPT is a relatively new technology and few people have experience with it. Patients who were receiving care outside of the hospital were included. Semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted after a 2\u2010week period in which participants used ChatGPT to search for health information about chronic disease management. Thirty\u2010nine outpatients were interviewed and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggested both opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT as a virtual health coach for chronic disease management. The major opportunities identified included life\u2010long learning, improved health literacy, cost\u2010effectiveness, behavioral change support, scalability, and accessibility. The major challenges identified included limited physical examination, lack of human connection, legal and ethical complications, and lack of accuracy and reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT\u2010based technologies may serve as a supplementary or intermediate support system. However, such applications for managing chronic diseases must protect privacy and promote both short\u2010 and long\u2010term positive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lrh2.10406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T03:25:09Z","timestamp":1704943509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Exploring the use of\n                    <scp>ChatGPT<\/scp>\n                    as a virtual health coach for chronic disease management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Fahad M.","family":"Al\u2010Anezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"A218","article-title":"The endorse feasibility pilot trial: assessing the implementation of serious games strategy and artificial intelligence\u2010based telemedicine in glycemic control improvement","volume":"24","author":"Vasilakis IA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886\u2010013\u20100441\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2019.12.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.107859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2015.2391671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X16638330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.14.1503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010155\u20102\u2010201107190\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2007.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611\u2010200194030\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp050070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010020\u201008804\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Holistic approach to human health and disease: life circumstances and inner processing","volume":"38","author":"Tomljenovi\u0107 A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010023\u201008469\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010023\u201003172\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916\u2010023\u201001925\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiJ DadaA KleesiekJ EggerJ.Chatgpt in Healthcare: A Taxonomy and Systematic Review.2023. doi:10.1101\/2023.03.30.23287899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaoCA HowardFM MarkovNS et al.Comparing scientific abstracts generated by CHATGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector plagiarism detector and blinded human reviewers.2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.12.23.521610"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Is Chatgpt leading generative ai? 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