{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T15:32:49Z","timestamp":1769873569171,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Learning Health Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There remains a lack of understanding of the etiology and treatment effectiveness for Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The objective of this study was to develop and validate a computable phenotype for patients with AIS to facilitate rapid learning through large\u2010scale observational research using real\u2010world data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four computable phenotype (CP) algorithms were developed and tested. The algorithms were executed against the Shriners Children's (SC) Research Data Warehouse using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022. CPs composed of diagnosis and imaging procedure utilization codes were evaluated iteratively against a prospective registry of scoliosis patients. The highest\u2010performing phenotype was then evaluated through manual chart review for validation. Demographic characteristics of the patients meeting the phenotype definition were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The four alternative CPs ranged from 24\u2009103 to 15\u2009292 unique patients. The CP that balanced sensitivity (92.7%) and specificity (81.8%) when evaluated against a prospective registry of scoliosis patients was chosen as the final AIS CP. Among 50 patients with phenotype\u2010confirmed AIS, 36 (72%) had chart\u2010validated AIS, and 14 (28%) were identified as false positives. Of the 14 false positives, 6 cases had a diagnosis of spinal asymmetry. Among the patients meeting the phenotype definition, the average age of patients with AIS treated at SC is 13.6\u2009years (SD\u2009=\u20091.64) and patients are primarily female (73.7%) and white (56.2%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CP had good performance in identifying pediatric patients with AIS. Future refinements to the algorithm should include the use of x\u2010ray parameters or the application of natural language processing to unstructured EHR data to better distinguish AIS cases from other spinal diagnoses. This CP is a fundamental step to facilitate a learning health system environment that can rapidly develop evidence to improve pediatric patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lrh2.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T04:54:57Z","timestamp":1749185697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a computable phenotype for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah B.","family":"Floyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Clemson University  Clemson South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Research Programs Shriners Children's Headquarters  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Programs Shriners Children's Headquarters  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Woloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Programs Shriners Children's Headquarters  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Programs Shriners Children's Headquarters  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coleman","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Engineering and Analytics Shriners Children's Headquarters  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Oeffinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001350"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: diagnosis and management","volume":"89","author":"Horne JP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: common questions and answers","volume":"101","author":"Kuznia AL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.104B8.BJJ-2021-1638.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150917100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04608-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Surgical versus non\u2010surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"4","author":"Bettany\u2010Saltikov J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","article-title":"Effects of corrective, therapeutic exercise techniques on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 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