{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:12:57Z","timestamp":1790197977642,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30HS02976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30HS02976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Learning Health Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cLearning Health System\u201d (LHS) relies on meaningful patient and public engagement to foster innovation in healthcare. However, effective methods for involving these stakeholders in LHS research are unclear. This scoping review examines the use of Human\u2010Centered Design (HCD) to engage patients and the public in LHS research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA\u2010ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for LHS research studies using HCD to engage patients and the public. Data were categorized by: (1) Study Characteristics, (2) Participant Characteristics and Group Dynamics, (3) HCD Approach, Stages, and Methods, (4) Participant Satisfaction and Engagement, and (5) Focused Demographic Participation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the included studies, participants in the HCD process included children and adults with conditions such as cancer, dementia, and stroke, often joined by their families and healthcare clinicians. Research spanned innovations in patient engagement, digital health, quality improvement, care delivery, environmental design, and clinical support tools. Participatory workshops were the most used HCD method. Group activities fostered creativity and diverse perspectives; individual activities offered deeper insights. A common challenge was limited engagement in later design stages, particularly prototyping. Studies involving harder\u2010to\u2010reach populations implemented extreme user design, creative design tools like photovoice and the\n                      <jats:italic>1\u20102\u20104\u2010All<\/jats:italic>\n                      technique, and community\u2010based participatory research principles, all integrated into the HCD process.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our review found HCD to be an effective method for engaging patients and the public in LHS research. It has been applied to engage individuals across a wide range of health conditions, age groups, and socioeconomic backgrounds, driving targeted innovations and system\u2010level improvement. Its adaptability allows real\u2010time adjustments in research pace and design, enabling iteration, strategy refinement, and inclusion of new populations as insights emerge. Blending discussion\u2010based methods (e.g., interviews, workshops) with experiential approaches (e.g., role\u2010playing, prototyping) boosts participant engagement and satisfaction. Future research should identify optimal group sizes, the most appropriate methods for each design stage, and the impact of integrating HCD with other research approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lrh2.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T04:04:41Z","timestamp":1765339481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Engaging Patients in Learning Health Systems Research Using Human Centered Design: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dorsa","family":"Moslehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts Institute for Excellence and Quality in Learning Health Systems (Mass EQLHS)  Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn A.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute for Excellence and Quality in Learning Health Systems (Mass EQLHS)  Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham  Somerville Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8670-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute for Excellence and Quality in Learning Health Systems (Mass EQLHS)  Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Learning Health Care Delivery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Countway Library of Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne\u2010Marie","family":"Guise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute for Excellence and Quality in Learning Health Systems (Mass EQLHS)  Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Learning Health Care Delivery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010018\u20104633\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Learning Health System Shared Commitments \u2010 NAM(2023) https:\/\/nam.edu\/product\/learning\u2010health\u2010system\u2010shared\u2010commitments\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lrh2.10328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Reimagining Health Care Through Human\u2010Centered Design | Harvard Medical School Professional Corporate and Continuing Education accessed September 3 2025 https:\/\/learn.hms.harvard.edu\/insights\/all\u2010insights\/reimagining\u2010health\u2010care\u2010through\u2010human\u2010centered\u2010design."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth The Application of Human\u2010Centered Design Approaches in Health Research and Innovation: A Narrative Review of Current Practices accessed September 3 2025 https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2021\/12\/e28102.","DOI":"10.2196\/28102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20100850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES\u201020\u201000167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Building the Workforce accessed May 17 2025 https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/learning\u2010health\u2010systems\/building\u2010workforce.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Institute for Medicine (US) Roundtable on Evidence\u2010Based Medicine \u201cThe Learning Healthcare System: Workshop Summary \u201d in ed.L.Olsen D.Aisner andM. 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