{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:04:14Z","timestamp":1790139854213,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,25]],"date-time":"2002-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the feasibility of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of vulvar and vaginal condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN, VAIN) and to compare PDT results with conventional treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight patients with vulvar or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) grade II\/III (n\u2009=\u200922) or condyloma (n\u2009=\u200916) had 10% 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid (ALA)\u2010gel applied topically. After 2\u20134 hours, 80\u2013125 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> laser light at a wavelength of 635 nm was applied. PDT was compared to conventional treatments for condyloma (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser evaporation) and for VIN III (laser evaporation, surgical excision).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complete clearance rate for condyloma treated by PDT was 66% and the rate for IN was 57% (as determined by biopsy). Of the neoplasia patients, none with hyperkeratotic VIN (n\u2009=\u20094) responded, and only one of four with increased pigmentation cleared. No scarring occurred, and postoperative discomfort lasted 4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4 days. Reduced disease\u2010free survival (DFS) was associated with multifocal VIN (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02, OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.15\u20134.08), but DFS did not vary with treatment mode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although PDT is not equally efficacious for all subgroups, PDT for condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia appears to be as effective as conventional treatments, but with shorter healing time and excellent cosmetic results. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:273\u2013279, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:44:07Z","timestamp":1030319047000},"page":"273-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Photodynamic therapy of vulvar and vaginal condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia using topically applied 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid*"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mathias K.","family":"Fehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Degen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola A.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pius","family":"Wyss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"STD Treatment Guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1989","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1954.02940380043010c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.12.958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910315)67:6<1599::AID-CNCR2820670622>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711063371904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"741","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III: a clinical study of the outcome in 113 cases with relation to the later development of invasive vulvar carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Jones RW","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00298-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00101-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1990.tb04193.x","article-title":"In vivo tumor oxygen tension measurements for the evaluation of the efficiency of photodynamic therapy","volume":"2","author":"Tromberg BJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"891","article-title":"Phototoxic damage to sebaceous glands and hair follicles of mice after systemic administration of 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid correlates with localized protoporphyrin IX fluorescence","volume":"4","author":"Divaris DX","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(90)85083-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(92)85108-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70002-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1076.x","article-title":"Comparison of photodynamic therapy with cryotherapy in the treatment of Bowen's disease","volume":"5","author":"Morton CA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)90013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)24019-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000301)85:5<649::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.6028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70332-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(85)80206-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Superficial laser vulvectomy. 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