{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:38:20Z","timestamp":1761057500273},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,6]],"date-time":"2002-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tattoo removal is a significant problem. The extraction of magnetite (Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) ink tattoos by a magnetic field was investigated, with and without Q\u2010switched laser treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetite particles (1.4 \u03bcm) were used to make mature, black skin tattoos on hairless albino rats. A Q\u2010switched ruby laser (QSRL) 3.5 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 6.5\u2010mm spot size, 40\u2010nanosecond pulse width was used for treatment. Permanent magnets (1.4 T, 6\u2010mm diameter) were tested to extract the magnetite particles, alone and after QSRL. Lightening of treated tattoos was measured from digital photographs, and the amount and distribution of magnetite in skin biopsies was scored blindly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>External application of magnets on mature magnetite tattoos without prior QSRL treatment, did not significantly extract, lighten, darken, or change their histologic appearance. A magnetic field applied immediately after QSRL treatment extracted some ink when epidermal injury was present, and caused significant redistribution of magnetite into the upper dermis with vertical banding along magnetic field lines. When applied for 3 weeks following QSRL, magnets caused darkening of tattoos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetite skin tattoos can be manipulated by external magnets, especially after Q\u2010switched laser treatment. Magnetically\u2010extractable tattoos may be feasible. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:121\u2013128, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:07:53Z","timestamp":1033906073000},"page":"121-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnetite tattoos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Misbah","family":"Huzaira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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